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We investigate early galaxy evolution by modeling self-consistently their radially-resolved evolution of gas, stars, heavy elements, and dust content. Our model successfully reproduces various observed properties of JWST-identified galaxies…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-02-19 Daisuke Toyouchi , Hidenobu Yajima , Andrea Ferrara , Kentaro Nagamine

Early JWST observations have revealed substantial numbers of galaxies out to redshifts as high as $z \simeq 14$, reflecting a slow evolution of the galaxy UV luminosity function (LF) not anticipated by many models of galaxy evolution. The…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-04-16 C. T. Donnan , J. S. Dunlop , R. J. McLure , D. J. McLeod , F. Cullen

Early observations with JWST indicate an over-abundance of bright galaxies at redshifts $z \gtrsim 10$ relative to Hubble-calibrated model predictions. More puzzling still is the apparent lack of evolution in the abundance of such objects…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-12-21 Jordan Mirocha , Steven R. Furlanetto

We show that the rest-frame UV statistics and global properties of galaxies at 7 <= z <= 14 are naturally reproduced within the standard {\Lambda}CDM framework when galaxy formation is modeled with UniverseMachine applied to the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-22 Francisco Prada , Peter Behroozi , Tomoaki Ishiyama , Enrique Pérez , Anatoly Klypin , Xin Wang , José Ruedas

The earliest JWST observations have revealed an unexpected abundance of super-early ($z>10$), massive ($M_*\approx 10^9\, M_\odot$) galaxies at the bright-end ($M_{\rm UV}\approx -21$) of the ultraviolet luminosity function (UV LF). We…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-05-17 A. Ferrara , A. Pallottini , P. Dayal

Using the most recent measurements of the ultraviolet (UV) luminosity functions (LFs) and dust estimates of early galaxies, we derive updated dust-corrected star-formation rate functions (SFRFs) at z~4-8, which we model to predict the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-10-22 Natalie Mashian , Pascal Oesch , Abraham Loeb

JWST observations have revealed a population of galaxies bright enough that potentially challenge standard galaxy formation models in the $\Lambda$CDM cosmology. Using a minimal empirical framework, we investigate the influence of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-08-30 Xuejian Shen , Mark Vogelsberger , Michael Boylan-Kolchin , Sandro Tacchella , Rahul Kannan

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has revealed an unexpected excess of UV-bright galaxies at z>10, unaccounted for by extrapolations from pre-JWST observations and theoretical models. Understanding the physical properties and star…

JWST has measured an unprecedented abundance of galaxies above $z\gtrsim 4-5$, whose formation and evolution are still difficult to reconcile within traditional galaxy evolution models in a $\Lambda$CDM framework. Here, we present a study…

JWST observations have revealed an overabundance of bright galaxies at $z \geq 9$, creating apparent tensions with theoretical predictions within standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmology. We address this challenge using a semi-empirical approach…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-11-13 Abhijnan Kar , Shadab Alam , Joseph Silk

James Webb Telescope (JWST) observations have unveiled numerous galaxy candidates between $z \sim 9 - 16.5$, hinting at an over-abundance of sources at the bright-end of the UV luminosity function (UV LF) at z $\gsim$ 11. Complementarily,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-20 Georgios Panagiotis Nikopoulos , Pratika Dayal

We present a new determination of the evolving galaxy UV luminosity function (LF) over the extreme redshift range $12.5<z<18.5$, based on a wide-area search of $>$0.6 deg$^2$ of JWST NIRCam imaging containing $>150$ independent sight-lines.…

We present a new determination of the evolving galaxy UV luminosity function (LF) over the redshift range $8.5<z<15.5$ using a combination of several major Cycle-1 JWST imaging programmes - PRIMER, JADES and NGDEEP. This multi-field…

We investigate the dust mass build-up and star formation efficiency of two galaxies at $z>12$, GHZ2 and GS-z14-0, by combining ALMA and JWST observations with an analytical model that assumes dust at thermal equilibrium. We obtained…

We present a model for the evolution of the galaxy ultraviolet (UV) luminosity function (LF) across cosmic time where star formation is linked to the assembly of dark matter halos under the assumption of a mass dependent, but redshift…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-12-03 Charlotte Mason , Michele Trenti , Tommaso Treu

Galaxies' rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) properties are often used to directly infer the degree to which dust obscuration affects the measurement of star formation rates. While much recent work has focused on calibrating dust attenuation in…

The largest galaxies acquire their mass early on, when the Universe is still youthful. Cold streams violently feed these young galaxies a vast amount of fresh gas, resulting in very efficient star formation. Using a well resolved…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 J. Devriendt , C. Rimes , C. Pichon , R. Teyssier , D. Le Borgne , D. Aubert , E. Audit , S. Colombi , S Courty , Y. Dubois , S. Prunet , Y. Rasera , A. Slyz , D. Tweed

Current models of the formation of first galaxies predict low masses and faint objects at extremely high redshifts, z=9-15. However, the first observations of this epoch indicate a higher-than-expected number of bright (sometimes massive)…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-09-24 Daniel Ceverino , Yurina Nakazato , Naoki Yoshida , Ralf Klessen , Simon Glover

In the current era of JWST, we continue to uncover a wealth of information about the Universe deep into the Epoch of Reionization. In this work, we use a suite of simulations with 21cmSPACE, to explore the astrophysical properties of early…

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