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Earth-mass bodies are expected to undergo Type I migration directed either inward or outward depending on the thermodynamical state of the protoplanetary disc. Zones of convergent migration exist where the Type I torque cancels out. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Arnaud Pierens , Christophe Cossou , Sean Raymond

During the late stage of planet formation when Mars-size cores appear, interactions among planetary cores can excite their orbital eccentricities, speed their merges and thus sculpture the final architecture of planet systems. This series…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-13 Huigen Liu , Ji-lin Zhou , S. Wang

Continuing our study of the effects of secular resonances on the formation of terrestrial planets in moderately close binary stars, we present here the results of an extensive numerical simulations of the formation of these objects.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-29 Nader Haghighipour , Michael Andrews

Planet formation models have been developed during the last years in order to try to reproduce the observations of both the solar system, and the extrasolar planets. Some of these models have partially succeeded, focussing however on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Y. Alibert , F. Carron , A. Fortier , S. Pfyffer , W. Benz , C. Mordasini , D. Swoboda

Terrestrial planet formation theory is at a bottleneck, with the growing realization that pairwise collisions are treated far too simply. Here, and in our companion paper (Cambioni et al. 2019) that introduces the training methodology, we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-28 Alexandre Emsenhuber , Saverio Cambioni , Erik Asphaug , Travis S. J. Gabriel , Stephen R. Schwartz , Roberto Furfaro

In the late stage of terrestrial planet formation, planets are predicted to undergo pairwise collisions known as giant impacts. Here we present a high-resolution database of giant impacts for differentiated colliding bodies of iron-silicate…

We propose a pebble-driven core accretion scenario to explain the formation of giant planets around the late-M dwarfs of $M_{\star}{=}0.1{-}0.2 \ M_{\odot}$. In order to explore the optimal disk conditions for giant planet, we perform…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-20 Mengrui Pan , Beibei Liu , Anders Johansen , Masahiro Ogihara , Su Wang , Jianghui Ji , Sharon X. Wang , Fabo Feng , Ignasi Riba

A giant impact is commonly thought to explain the dramatic contrast in elevation and crustal thickness between the two hemispheres of Mars known as the "Martian Dichotomy". Initially, this scenario referred to an impact in the northern…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-08 Harry A. Ballantyne , Martin Jutzi , Gregor J. Golabek , Lokesh Mishra , Kar Wai Cheng , Antoine B. Rozel , Paul Tackley

The core accretion mechanism is presently the most widely accepted cause of the formation of giant planets. For simplicity, most models presently assume that the growth of planetary embryos occurs in isolation. We explore how the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 O. M. Guilera , A. Brunini , O. G. Benvenuto

In order to examine the ``giant impact hypothesis'' for the Moon formation, we run the first grid-based, high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations for an impact between proto-Earth and a proto-planet. The spatial resolution for the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Keiichi Wada , Eiichiro Kokubo , Junichiro Makino

The formation of the Moon from the debris of a slow and grazing giant impact of a Mars-sized impactor on the proto-Earth (Cameron & Ward 1976, Canup & Asphaug 2001) is widely accepted today. We present an alternative scenario with a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Andreas Reufer , Matthias M. M. Meier , Willy Benz , Rainer Wieler

According to the giant impact theory, the Moon formed through accreting the debris disk produced by a collision between Theia and the proto-Earth, and the predicted lunar orbital inclination relative to the Earth's equatorial plane is about…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-01 Wenshuai Liu

The giant planets of the solar system likely played a large role in shaping the architecture of the terrestrial planets. Using an updated collision model, we conduct a suite of high resolution N-body integrations to probe the relationship…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-13 Anna C. Childs , Elisa Quintana , Thomas Barclay , Jason H. Steffen

Reproducing Uranus and Neptune remains a challenge for simulations of solar system formation. The ice giants' peculiar obliquities suggest that they both suffered giant collisions during their formation. Thus, there must have been an epoch…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-28 Andre Izidoro , Alessandro Morbidelli , Sean N. Raymond , Franck Hersant , Arnaud Pierens

The planet Mercury possesses an anomalously large iron core, and a correspondingly high bulk density. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed in order to explain such a large iron content. A long-standing idea holds that Mercury once…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-21 Christopher Spalding , Fred C. Adams

Terrestrial planets are believed to be formed via giant impacts of Mars-sized protoplanets. Planets formed via giant impacts have highly eccentric orbits. A swarm of planetesimals around the planets may lead to eccentricity damping for the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Hiroshi Kobayashi , Kazuhide Isoya , Yutaro Sato

In our solar system, Mars-sized protoplanets frequently collided with each other during the last stage of terrestrial planet formation called the giant impact stage. Giant impacts eject a large amount of material from the colliding…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-21 H. Genda , H. Kobayashi , E. Kokubo

The modestly eccentric and non-coplanar orbits of the giant planets pose a challenge to solar system formation theories which generally indicate that the giant planets emerged from the protoplanetary disk in nearly perfectly circular and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-06 Garett Brown , Renu Malhotra , Hanno Rein

Giant impacts were common in the early evolution of the Solar System, and it is possible that Venus also experienced an impact. A giant impact on Venus could have affected its rotation rate and possibly its thermal evolution. In this work,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-15 Mirco Bussmann , Christian Reinhardt , Cedric Gillmann , Thomas Meier , Joachim Stadel , Paul Tackley , Ravit Helled

It has been shown that some aspects of the terrestrial planets can be explained, particularly the Earth/Mars mass ratio, when they form from a truncated disk with an outer edge near 1.0 au (Hansen 2009). This has been previously modeled…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-22 Kevin J. Walsh , Hal F. Levison
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