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We investigate the formation of multiple-planet systems in the presence of a hot Jupiter using extended N-body simulations that are performed simultaneously with semi-analytic calculations. Our primary aims are to describe the planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Masahiro Ogihara , Hiroshi Kobayashi , Shu-ichiro Inutsuka

Impactors of different types and sizes can produce a final crater of the same diameter on a planet under certain conditions. We derive the condition for such "isocrater impacts" from scaling laws, as well as relations that describe how the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-26 Thomas Ruedas , Doris Breuer

A substantial number of super-Earths have been discovered, and atmospheres of transiting super-Earths have also been observed by transmission spectroscopy. Several lines of observational evidence indicate that most super-Earths do not…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-15 Masahiro Ogihara , Yasunori Hori

The growth and composition of Earth is a direct consequence of planet formation throughout the Solar System. We discuss the known history of the Solar System, the proposed stages of growth and how the early stages of planet formation may be…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-11-25 Seth A. Jacobson , Kevin J. Walsh

The discovery of planetary systems outside of the solar system has challenged some of the tenets of planetary formation. Among the difficult-to-explain observations, are systems with a giant planet orbiting a very-low mass star, such as the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-11 Yi-Han Wang , Rosalba Perna , Nathan W. C. Leigh

The giant impact hypothesis for Moon formation successfully explains the dynamic properties of the Earth-Moon system but remains challenged by the similarity of isotopic fingerprints of the terrestrial and lunar mantles. Moreover, recent…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Hongping Deng , Maxim D. Ballmer , Christian Reinhardt , Matthias M. M. Meier , Lucio Mayer , Joachim Stadel , Federico Benitez

We present the results of hydrodynamic simulations of the formation and subsequent orbital evolution of giant planets embedded in a circumbinary disc. We assume that a 20 earth masses core has migrated to the edge of the inner cavity formed…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Arnaud Pierens , Richard P. Nelson

We want to understand global observable consequences of different physical processes and initial properties on the demographics of the planetary population. We use the Generation III Bern model to perform planetary population synthesis. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-08 Alexandre Emsenhuber , Christoph Mordasini , Remo Burn , Yann Alibert , Willy Benz , Erik Asphaug

We consider a dynamical shake-up model to explain the low mass of Mars and the lack of planets in the asteroid belt. In our scenario, a secular resonance with Jupiter sweeps through the inner solar system as the solar nebula depletes,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-26 Benjamin C. Bromley , Scott J. Kenyon

The impact cratering record of the Moon and the terrestrial planets provides important clues about the formation and evolution of the Solar System. Especially intriguing is the epoch 3.8-3.9 Gyr ago (Ga), known as the Late Heavy Bombardment…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-02-15 David Nesvorny , Fernando Roig , William F. Bottke

The terrestrial planets formed by accretion of asteroid-like objects within the inner solar system's protoplanetary disk. Previous works have found that forming a small-mass Mars requires the disk to contain little mass beyond ~1.5 au…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-16 Patryk Sofia Lykawka , Takashi Ito

Planetary embryos embedded in gaseous protoplanetary disks undergo Type I orbital migration. Migration can be inward or outward depending on the local disk properties but, in general, only planets more massive than several $M_\oplus$ can…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-12-10 Christophe Cossou , Sean N. Raymond , Franck Hersant , Arnaud Pierens

During planet formation, a gas giant will interact with smaller protoplanets that stray within its sphere of gravitational influence. We investigate the outcome of interactions between gas giants and terrestrial-sized protoplanets with…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 J. H. Debes , S. Sigurdsson

The ubiquity of planets and diversity of planetary systems reveal planet formation encompass many complex and competing processes. In this series of papers, we develop and upgrade a population synthesis model as a tool to identify the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 S. Ida , D. N. C. Lin , M. Nagasawa

The formation of the solar system's terrestrial planets concluded with a period of giant impacts. Previous works examining the volatile loss caused by the impact shock in the moon-forming impact find atmospheric losses of at most 20-30 per…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-02 John B. Biersteker , Hilke E. Schlichting

In the standard model of core accretion, the formation of giant planets occurs by two main processes: first, a massive core is formed by the accretion of solid material; then, when this core exceeds a critical value (typically greater than…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-11-25 O. M. Guilera

The cores of wide-orbit giant planets can form via pebble accretion if large planetesimals form in the outer regions of protoplanetary discs at sufficiently early times. Streaming instability simulations support mass distributions…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-11 Sebastian Lorek , Michiel Lambrechts

Mercury, due to its close location to the Sun, is surrounded by an environment whose conditions may be considered as "extreme" in the entire Solar System. Both solar wind and radiation are stronger with respect to other Solar System bodies,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Stefano Orsini , Valeria Mangano , Alessandro Mura , Diego Turrini , Stefano Massetti , Anna Milillo , Christina Plainaki

In this paper, we present results from a multi-stage numerical campaign to begin to explain and determine why extreme debris disk detections are rare, what types of impacts will result in extreme debris disks and what we can learn about the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-09 Lewis Watt , Zoë Leinhardt , Kate Su

The Earths core formation process has decisive effect in the chemical differentiation between the Earths core and its mantle. Here, we propose a new core formation model which is caused by a special giant impact. This model suggests that…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-08 You Zhou , Christian Reinhardt , Hongping Deng , Cao Xiaobin , Yun Liu
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