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The 4D scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) method has enabled mapping of the structure and functionality of solids on the atomic scale, yielding information-rich data sets containing information on the interatomic electric and…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-09-24 Mark P. Oxley , Maxim Ziatdinov , Ondrej Dyck , Andrew R. Lupini , Rama Vasudevan , Sergei V. Kalinin

Electrochemistry is the underlying mechanism in a variety of energy conversion and storage systems, and it is well known that the composition, structure, and properties of electrochemical materials near active interfaces often deviates…

Materials Science · Physics 2018-02-07 Ahmad Eshghinejad , Ehsan Nasr Esfahani , Chihou Lei , Jiangyu Li

Understanding the relationship between atomic structure (order) and chemical composition (chemistry) is critical for advancing materials science, yet traditional spectroscopic techniques can be slow and damaging to sensitive samples.…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-08-29 Mridul Kumar , Yevgeny Rakita

Dynamic Electrochemical Strain Microscopy (ESM) response of mixed ionic-electronic conductors is analysed in the framework of the Thomas-Fermi screening theory and Vegard law with accounting of the steric effects. The emergence of dynamic…

Materials Science · Physics 2014-11-05 O. V. Varenyk , M. V Silibin , D. A Kiselev , E. A. Eliseev , S. V. Kalinin , A. N. Morozovska

The transmission electron microscope (TEM) has become an essential tool for innovation in nanoscience, material science, and biology. Despite these instruments being widely used across both industry and academia, academics may hesitate to…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-12-07 Patrick McBean , Zachary Milne , Arjun Kanthawar , Cameron O'Byrne , Khalid Hattar , Lewys Jones

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has become a cornerstone instrument for semiconductor materials metrology, enabling nanoscale analysis of complex multilayer structures that define device performance. Developing effective…

For many complex materials systems, low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) offers detailed insights into morphology and crystallography by naturally combining real-space and reciprocal-space information. Its unique strength, however, is that…

The simulation of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images or diffraction patterns is often required to interpret their contrast and extract specimen features. This is especially true for high-resolution phase-contrast imaging of…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-03-30 Jacob Madsen , Timothy J. Pennycook , Toma Susi

Electron microscopy has enabled many scientific breakthroughs across multiple fields. A key challenge is the tuning of microscope parameters based on images to overcome optical aberrations that deteriorate image quality. This calibration…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Jilles S. van Hulst , W. P. M. H. Heemels , Duarte J. Antunes

Focused ion beams (FIBs) are widely used in nanofabrication for applications such as circuit repair, ultra-thin lamella preparation, strain engineering, and quantum device prototyping. Although the lateral spread of the ion beam is often…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-11-04 M. G. Masteghin , Z. P. Aslam , A. P. Brown , M. J. Whiting , S. K. Clowes , R. P. Webb , D. C. Cox

The advent of modern, high-speed electron detectors has made the collection of multidimensional hyperspectral transmission electron microscopy datasets, such as 4D-STEM, a routine. However, many microscopists find such experiments daunting…

This study presents a comprehensive workflow for investigating particulate materials through combined 360{\deg} electron tomography (ET), nano-computed X-ray tomography (nanoCT), and micro-computed X-ray tomography (microCT), alongside a…

Three-dimensional electron diffraction (3D ED) has emerged as a powerful method for solving the structures of sub-micron-sized particles down to nanoparticles. However, it faces technical challenges when applied to beam-sensitive samples or…

Four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) provides rich, atomic-scale insights into materials structures. However, extracting specific physical properties - such as polarization directions essential for…

Free electron beams such as those employed in electron microscopes have evolved into powerful tools to investigate photonic nanostructures with an unrivaled combination of spatial and spectral precision through the analysis of electron…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-22 F. Javier García de Abajo , Valerio Di Giulio

This paper introduces an accurate edge-based smoothed finite element method (ES-FEM) for electromagnetic analysis for both two dimensional cylindrical and three dimensional cartesian systems, which shows much better performance in terms of…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Yangfan Zhang , Pengfei Wang , Wenping Li , Shunchuan Yang

Purpose: Electron density is the most important tissue property influencing photon and ion dose distributions in radiotherapy patients. Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) enables the determination of electron density by combining the…

Medical Physics · Physics 2017-06-29 Christian Möhler , Patrick Wohlfahrt , Christian Richter , Steffen Greilich

Electrochemical insertion-deintercalation reactions are typically associated with significant change of molar volume of the host compound. This strong coupling between ionic currents and strains underpins image formation mechanisms in…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-05-18 A. N. Morozovska , E. A. Eliseev , N. Balke , S. V. Kalinin

Zeolites have been used in industrial applications such as catalysts, ion exchangers, and molecular sieves because of their unique porous atomic structures. However, the direct observation of zeolitic local atomic structures via electron…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-01-12 Kousuke Ooe , Takehito Seki , Kaname Yoshida , Yuji Kohno , Yuichi Ikuhara , Naoya Shibata

This comprehensive review discusses the development of scanning electron microscopy and the application of this technology in different fields such as biology, nanobiotechnology and biomedical science. Besides being a tool for high…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-11-02 Aniruddha Acharya