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Probabilistic separation logic offers an approach to reasoning about imperative probabilistic programs in which a separating conjunction is used as a mechanism for expressing independence properties. Crucial to the effectiveness of the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Janez Ignacij Jereb , Alex Simpson

In subjective decision-making, where decisions are based on contextual interpretation, Large Language Models (LLMs) can be integrated to present users with additional rationales to consider. The diversity of these rationales is mediated by…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Paula Akemi Aoyagui , Kelsey Stemmler , Sharon Ferguson , Young-ho Kim , Anastasia Kuzminykh

One widely-existed state --``harmony with diversity" in which individuals freely express various viewpoints to sustain integration of social diversity, but at the same time shared values ensure social coherence, can be considered as the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-04-26 Peng-Bi Cui

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly integrate into our daily lives, it becomes crucial to understand their implicit biases and moral tendencies. To address this, we introduce a Moral Foundations LLM dataset (MFD-LLM) grounded in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Monika Jotautaite , Mary Phuong , Chatrik Singh Mangat , Maria Angelica Martinez

Real-world phenomena often exhibit vagueness, partial truth, and incomplete information. To model such uncertainty in a mathematically rigorous way, many generalized set-theoretic frameworks have been introduced, including Fuzzy Sets [1],…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Takaaki Fujita , Florentin Smarandache

I propose a novel approach to simultaneous inference that alleviates the need to specify a correlational structure among marginal errors. The vacuous orientation assumption retains what the normal i.i.d. assumption implies about the…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-10-11 Ruobin Gong

Implicit methods for the numerical solution of initial-value problems may admit multiple solutions at any given time step. Accordingly, their nonlinear solvers may converge to any of these solutions. Below a critical timestep, exactly one…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-12-20 K. R. Green , G. W. Patrick , R. J. Spiteri

Recently, arXiv:2312.16035 showed that all logics based on Boolean Normal monotonic three-valued schemes coincide with classical logic when defined using a strict-tolerant standard ($\mathbf{st}$). Conversely, they proved that under a…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-03-31 Quentin Blomet , Bruno Da Ré

Explanations are often promoted as tools for transparency, but they can also foster confirmation bias; users may assume reasoning is correct whenever outputs appear acceptable. We study this double-edged role of Chain-of-Thought (CoT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Eunkyu Park , Wesley Hanwen Deng , Vasudha Varadarajan , Mingxi Yan , Gunhee Kim , Maarten Sap , Motahhare Eslami

In this paper one presents new similarity, cardinality and entropy measures for bipolar fuzzy set and for its particular forms like intuitionistic, paraconsistent and fuzzy set. All these are constructed in the framework of multi-valued…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-06-09 Vasile Patrascu

A prominent problem in knowledge representation is how to answer queries taking into account also the implicit consequences of an ontology representing domain knowledge. While this problem has been widely studied within the realm of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Gabriella Pasi , Rafael Peñaloza

Formal multiple zeta values allow to study multiple zeta values by algebraic methods in a way that the open question about their transcendence is circumvented. In this note we show that Hoffman's basis conjecture for formal multiple zeta…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-06-21 Annika Burmester , Niclas Confurius , Ulf Kühn

Large language models (LLMs) produce responses rated as highly empathic in single-turn settings (Ayers et al., 2023; Lee et al., 2024), yet they are also known to be formulaic generators that reuse the same lexical patterns, syntactic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hongli Zhan , Emma S. Gueorguieva , Javier Hernandez , Jina Suh , Desmond C. Ong , Junyi Jessy Li

We argue that robustness of explanations---i.e., that similar inputs should give rise to similar explanations---is a key desideratum for interpretability. We introduce metrics to quantify robustness and demonstrate that current methods do…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-22 David Alvarez-Melis , Tommi S. Jaakkola

We explore a fuzzy modal logic that can formalise probabilistic reasoning about actions and knowledge. In particular, we deal with contexts involving statements about events expressed via modal formulas, e.g., "after doing $a$, the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Daniil Kozhemiachenko , Igor Sedlár

We study the framework of abductive logic programming extended with integrity constraints. For this framework, we introduce a new measure of the simplicity of an explanation based on its degree of \emph{arbitrariness}: the more arbitrary…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Luciano Caroprese , Irina Trubitsyna , Miroslaw Truszczynski , Ester Zumpano

Monotonicity and recursivity are central assumptions in intertemporal consumption problems under ambiguity. We show that monotone recursive preferences admit both a recursive and an ex-ante representation, and that the certainty equivalent…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-01-23 Massimo Marinacci , Giulio Principi , Lorenzo Stanca

Large Language Models (LLMs) encode vast world knowledge across multiple languages, yet their internal beliefs are often unevenly distributed across linguistic spaces. When external evidence contradicts these language-dependent memories,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Jiaqi Zhao , Qiang Huang , Haodong Chen , Xiaoxing You , Jun Yu

This paper explores the robustness of language models (LMs) to variations in the temporal context within factual knowledge. It examines whether LMs can correctly associate a temporal context with a past fact valid over a defined period, by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Hichem Ammar Khodja , Frédéric Béchet , Quentin Brabant , Alexis Nasr , Gwénolé Lecorvé

This paper introduces the notion of fuzzy process as a formalism for the idea of fuzzy contact between a device and its environment. The notions of absolute correctness and relative correctness are defined. In order to work with concurrency…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2009-06-01 Lucian Luca , Lucian L. Luca