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The Venusian surface has been studied by measuring radar reflections and thermal radio emission over a wide spectral region of several centimeters to meter wavelengths from the Earth-based as well as orbiter platforms. The radiometric…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-28 Nithin Mohan , Subhashis Roy , Govind Swarup , Divya Oberoi , Niruj Mohan Ramanujam , Suresh Raju C , Anil Bhardwaj

The discovery of the near infrared windows into the Venus deep atmosphere has enabled the use of remote sensing techniques to study the composition of the Venus atmosphere below the clouds. In particular, water vapor absorption lines can be…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Jeremy Bailey

At the cloud top level of Venus (65-70 km altitude) the atmosphere rotates 60 times faster than the underlying surface, a phenomenon known as superrotation. Whereas on Venus's dayside the cloud top motions are well determined and Venus…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-13 J. Peralta , R. Hueso , A. Sánchez-Lavega , Y. J. Lee , A. García-Muñoz , T. Kouyama , H. Sagawa , T. M. Sato , G. Piccioni , S. Tellmann , T. Imamura , T. Satoh

There are a handful of spectral windows in the near-IR through which we can see down to Venus' surface on the night side of the planet. The surface of our sister planet has thus been imaged by sensors on Venus-orbiting platforms (Venus…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-02 Anthony B. Davis

The atmosphere of a transiting planet shields the stellar radiation providing us with a powerful method to estimate its size and density. In particular, because of their high ionization energy, atoms with high atomic number (Z) absorb…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-07-02 Fabio Reale , Angelo F. Gambino , Giuseppina Micela , Antonio Maggio , Thomas Widemann , Giuseppe Piccioni

Longwave Infrared Camera (LIR) onboard Akatsuki first revealed the global structure of the thermal tides in the upper cloud layer of Venus. The data were acquired over three Venusian years, and the analysis was done over the areas from the…

An unknown absorber near the cloud top level of Venus generates a broad absorption feature from the ultraviolet (UV) to visible, peaking around 360 nm, and therefore plays a critical role in the solar energy absorption. We present a…

Present-day Venus is an inhospitable place with surface temperatures approaching 750K and an atmosphere over 90 times as thick as present day Earth's. Billions of years ago the picture may have been very different. We have created a suite…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-21 Michael J. Way , Anthony D. Del Genio , Nancy Y. Kiang , Linda E. Sohl , David H. Grinspoon , Igor Aleinov , Maxwell Kelley , Thomas Clune

We present the detection and characterisation of mesoscale waves on the lower clouds of Venus using images from the Visible Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer onboard the European Venus Express space mission and from the 2 $\mu$m camera…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-19 J. E. Silva , P. Machado , J. Peralta , F. Brasil , S. Lebonnois , M. Lefèvre

We have obtained spatially resolved near-infrared spectroscopy of the Venus nightside on 15 nights over three observing seasons. We use the depth of the CO absorption band at 2.3 microns to map the two-dimensional distribution of CO across…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Daniel V. Cotton , Jeremy Bailey , D. Crisp , V. S. Meadows

We report on the disk-averaged absolute brightness temperatures of Venus measured at four microwave frequency bands with the Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS). We measure temperatures of 432.3 $\pm$ 2.8 K, 355.6 $\pm$ 1.3 K,…

The knowledge of the Venus near-surface atmosphere is sparse. Few spacecrafts landed on the surface and measured winds with amplitudes below 1 m/s. The diurnal cycle of the wind amplitude and orientation is not known. Recent numerical…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-20 Maxence Lefèvre , Sébastien Lebonnois , Aymeric Spiga , François Forget

We simulate Venus' evolution with a coupled one-dimensional solar-atmosphere-lithosphere-mantle-core model to predict currently unobservable features and its eruptive mass flux. We identified four distinct evolutionary pathways that…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-20 Rodolfo Garcia , Rory Barnes , Peter E. Driscoll , Victoria S. Meadows , Megan Gialluca

Why are the terrestrial planets so different? Venus should be the most Earth-like of all our planetary neighbours. Its size, bulk composition and distance from the Sun are very similar to those of the Earth. Its original atmosphere was…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-03 Colin Wilson

General circulation models (GCMs) are valuable instruments to understand the most peculiar features in the atmospheres of planets and the mechanisms behind their dynamics. Venus makes no exception and it has been extensively studied thanks…

We present results from mid-infrared imaging of Uranus at wavelengths of 13.0 micron and 18.7 micron, sensing emission from the stratosphere and upper troposphere, acquired using the VISIR instrument at the Very Large Telescope (VLT),…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-15 Michael T. Roman , Leigh N. Fletcher , Glenn S. Orton , Naomi Rowe-Gurney , Patrick G. J. Irwin

Flexible 3D models to explore the vast diversity of terrestrial planets and interpret observational data are still in their early stages. In this work, we present OASIS: a novel and flexible 3D virtual planet laboratory. With OASIS we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-20 João M. Mendonça , Lars A. Buchhave

Venus exhibits strong and changing contrasts at ultraviolet wavelengths apparently related to the clouds and the dynamics in the cloud layer, but to date their origin continues to be unknown. We investigate the nature of the UV contrasts…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-10 Maarten Roos-Serote , Colin Wilson , Ryan MacDonald , Silvia Tellmann , Yeon Joo Lee , Igor Khatuntsev

We present submillimeter observations of 12CO J=3-2 and J=2-1, and 13CO J = 2-1 lines of the Venusian mesosphere and lower thermosphere with the Heinrich Hertz Submillimeter Telescope (HHSMT) taken around the second MESSENGER flyby of Venus…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-10-17 M. Rengel , P. Hartogh , C. Jarchow

Venus may have had both an Earth-like climate as well as extensive water oceans and active (or incipient) plate tectonics for an extended interval of its history. The topographical power spectrum of Venus provides important clues to the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-13 Arthur D. Adams , Greg Laughlin