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We deal with $k$-out-regular directed multigraphs with loops (called simply \emph{digraphs}). The edges of such a digraph can be colored by elements of some fixed $k$-element set in such a way that outgoing edges of every vertex have…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-08-11 Vladimir V. Gusev , Marek Szykuła

A coloring of a graph G = (V,E) is a partition {V1, V2, . . ., Vk} of V into independent sets or color classes. A vertex v Vi is a Grundy vertex if it is adjacent to at least one vertex in each color class Vj . A coloring is a Grundy…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-02-13 Ali Mansouri , Mohamed Salim Bouhlel

We introduce and study the dominated edge coloring of a graph. A dominated edge coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper edge coloring of $G$ such that each color class is dominated by at least one edge of $G$. The minimum number of colors among…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-03-24 Mohammad R. Piri , Saeid Alikhani

In this paper, a $k$-edge-coloring of $G$ is any mapping $c:E(G)\longrightarrow [k]$. The edge-coloring $c$ of $G$ naturally defines a vertex-coloring $\sigma_{c}: V(G) \to \mathbb{N}$, where $\sigma_{c}(v)=\sum_{u\in N_G(v)}c(vu)$ for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-04 Rafał Kalinowski , Monika Pilśniak , Elżbieta Sidorowicz , Elżbieta Turowska

The online list coloring is a widely studied topic in graph theory. A graph $G$ is 2-paintable if we always have a strategy to complete a coloring in an online list coloring of $G$ in which each vertex has a color list of size 2. In this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-24 Keaitsuda Nakprasit , Kittikorn Nakprasit

In this paper, we initiate the study of the vertex coloring problem of a graph in the semi streaming model. In this model, the input graph is defined by a stream of edges, arriving in adversarial order and any algorithm must process the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-07-26 Suman Kalyan Bera , Prantar Ghosh

For a given number of colors, $s$, the guessing number of a graph is the (base $s$) logarithm of the cardinality of the largest family of colorings of the vertex set of the graph such that the color of each vertex can be determined from the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-11 Jo Martin , Puck Rombach

We investigate possible list extensions of generalised majority edge colourings of graphs and provide several results concerning these. Given a graph $G=(V,E)$, a list assignment $L:E\to 2^C$ and some level of majority tolerance…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-19 Paweł Pękała , Jakub Przybyło

Several authors modelled networks ad hoc by oriented or disoriented graphs, whereby the problem of allowance (allocation) of the frequencies at the level of the network was transformed into coloring problem of nodes in the graph. Graph…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-06-06 Ali Mansouri , Mohamed Salim Bouhlel

In this paper, a theorem is proved that generalizes several existing amalgamation results in various ways. The main aim is to disentangle a given edge-colored amalgamated graph so that the result is a graph in which the edges are shared out…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-12 Amin Bahmanian , Chris Rodger

A b-coloring is a coloring of the vertices of a graph such that each color class contains a vertex that has a neighbor in all other color classes, and the b-chromatic number of a graph $G$ is the largest integer $k$ such that $G$ admits a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-12-13 Chinh T. Hoàng , Frédéric Maffray , Meriem Mechebbek

A synchronizing word of a deterministic automaton is a word in the alphabet of colors of its edges that maps the automaton to a single state. A coloring of edges of a directed graph is synchronizing if the coloring turns the graph into a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2010-11-24 A. N. Trahtman , T. Bauer , N. Cohen

A proper vertex coloring of a graph is equitable if the sizes of all color classes differ by at most $1$. For a list assignment $L$ of $k$ colors to each vertex of an $n$-vertex graph $G$, an equitable $L$-coloring of $G$ is a proper…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-30 H. A. Kierstead , Alexandr Kostochka , Zimu Xiang

A {\em restraint} on a (finite undirected) graph $G = (V,E)$ is a function $r$ on $V$ such that $r(v)$ is a finite subset of ${\mathbb N}$; a proper vertex colouring $c$ of $G$ is {\em permitted} by $r$ if $c(v) \not\in r(v)$ for all…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-29 Jason I. Brown , Aysel Erey , Jian Li

For graph classes $P_1,...,P_k$, Generalized Graph Coloring is the problem of deciding whether the vertex set of a given graph $G$ can be partitioned into subsets $V_1,...,V_k$ so that $V_j$ induces a graph in the class $P_j$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Vladimir E. Alekseev , Alastair Farrugia , Vadim V. Lozin

The list coloring problem is a variation of the classical vertex coloring problem, extensively studied in recent years, where each vertex has a restricted list of allowed colors, and having some variations as the $(\gamma,\mu)$-coloring,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-01-01 Simone Gama , Rosiane de Freitas , Mário Salvatierra

A proper vertex coloring of a graph is a mapping of its vertices on a set of colors, such that two adjacent vertices are not mapped to the same color. This constraint may be interpreted in terms of the distance between to vertices and so a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-11-10 Sebastian Wiederrecht

A vertex colouring of a graph is called asymmetric if the only automorphism which preserves it is the identity. Tucker conjectured that if every automorphism of a connected, locally finite graph moves infinitely many vertices, then there is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-21 Florian Lehner , Monika Pilśniak , Marcin Stawiski

The list coloring problem is a variant of vertex coloring where a vertex may be colored only a color from a prescribed set. Several applications of vertex coloring are more appropriately modelled as instances of list coloring and thus we…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-06-24 Andrew Ju , Patrick Healy

A set $D$ of vertices of a graph $G$ is a dominating set of $G$ if every vertex in $V_G-D$ is adjacent to at least one vertex in $D$. The domination number (upper domination number, respectively) of a graph $G$, denoted by $\gamma(G)$…

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