Related papers: $N$-quandles of spatial graphs
In 2001, Davies, Gladwell, Leydold, and Stadler proved discrete nodal domain theorems for eigenfunctions of generalized Laplacians, i.e., symmetric matrices with non-positive off-diagonal entries. In this paper, we establish nodal domain…
The Johnson graph J(n,N) is defined as the graph whose vertices are the n-subsets of the set {1,2,...,N}, where two vertices are adjacent if they share exactly n - 1 elements. Unlike Johnson graphs, induced subgraphs of Johnson graphs (JIS…
We define a range of new coarse geometric invariants based on various graph-theoretic measures of complexity for finite graphs, including: treewidth, pathwidth, cutwidth and bandwidth. We prove that, for bounded degree graphs, these…
We introduce \textit{Kaestner brackets}, a generalization of biquandle brackets to the case of parity biquandles. This infinite set of quantum enhancements of the biquandle counting invariant for oriented virtual knots and links includes…
We introduce several commutative rings, the snake rings, that have strong connections to cluster algebras. The elements of these rings are residue classes of unions of certain labeled graphs that were used to construct canonical bases in…
We introduce shadow structures for singular knot theory. Precisely, we define \emph{two} invariants of singular knots and links. First, we introduce a notion of action of a singquandle on a set to define a shadow counting invariant of…
We will discuss a method for visual presentation of knotted surfaces in the four space, by examining a number and a position of its Morse's critical points. Using this method, we will investigate surface-knot with one critical point of…
We extend the Wirtinger number of links, an invariant originally defined by Blair, Kjuchukova, Velazquez, and Villanueva in terms of extending initial colorings of some strands of a diagram to the entire diagram, to spatial graphs. We prove…
We generalize Milnor link invariants to all types of surface-links in $4$--space (possibly with boundary). This is achieved by using the notion of cut-diagram, which is a 2-dimensional generalization of Gauss diagrams, associated to…
We enhance the quandle counting invariants of oriented classical and virtual knots and links using a construction similar to quandle modules but inspired by symplectic quandle operations rather than Alexander quandle operations. Given a…
A self-contained study of monopole configurations of pure Yang-Mills theories and a discussion of their charges is carried out in the language of principal bundles. A n-dimensional monopole over the sphere S^n is a particular type of…
In this paper we deal with the notion of singquandles introduced in Indu R. U. Churchill, Mohamed Elhamdadi, Mustafa Hajij, and Sam Nelson, Singular knots and involutive quandles, Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 26 (2017), no.…
We introduce the notion of a hierarchical quandle, which is a generalisation of diquandles and multi-quandles. Using hierarchical quandle colourings, we construct a cocycle invariants for links coloured by quandles.
We present two models for the space of knots which have endpoints at fixed boundary points in a manifold with boundary, one model defined as an inverse limit of spaces of maps between configuration spaces and another which is cosimplicial.…
In this article, we introduce rack invariants of oriented Legendrian knots in the 3-dimensional Euclidean space endowed with the standard contact structure, which we call Legendrian racks. These invariants form a generalization of the…
In this paper we show that every finite spatial graph is a connected sum of a planar graph, which is a forest, i.e. disjoint union of finite number of trees and a tangle. As a consequence we get that any finite spatial graph is a connected…
The median of a graph $G$ with weighted vertices is the set of all vertices $x$ minimizing the sum of weighted distances from $x$ to the vertices of $G$. For any integer $p\ge 2$, we characterize the graphs in which, with respect to any…
Menasco proved the surprising result that if $G$ is a reduced, alternating, connected projection of a link $L$ and $G$ is prime then $L$ is prime. This result has been generalized to other classes of links, tangles, and spatial graphs. We…
Quandles with good involutions, which are called symmetric quandles, can be used to define invariants of unoriented knots and links. In this paper, we determine the necessary and sufficient condition for good involutions of a generalized…
In this paper, we investigate certain graphs defined on groups, with a focus on infinite groups. The graphs discussed are the power graph, the enhanced power graph, and the commuting graph whose vertex set is a group $G$. The power graph is…