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Classical simulations of quantum circuits are essential for verifying and benchmarking quantum algorithms, particularly for large circuits, where computational demands increase exponentially with the number of qubits. Among available…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-20 Santana Y. Pradata , M 'Anin N. 'Azhiim , Hendry M. Lim , Ahmad R. T. Nugraha

Learning an unknown quantum process is a central task for validation of the functioning of near-term devices. The task is generally hard, requiring exponentially many measurements if no prior assumptions are made on the process. However, an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-25 Joshua Cudby , Sergii Strelchuk

Many quantum information protocols require the implementation of random unitaries. Because it takes exponential resources to produce Haar-random unitaries drawn from the full $n$-qubit group, one often resorts to $t$-designs. Unitary…

Resource-efficient and high-precision approximate synthesis of quantum circuits expressed in the Clifford+T gate set is vital for Fault-Tolerant quantum computing. Efficient optimal methods are known for single-qubit RZ unitaries, otherwise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Mathias Weiden , Justin Kalloor , John Kubiatowicz , Ed Younis , Costin Iancu

Executing quantum algorithms on a quantum computer requires compilation to representations that conform to all restrictions imposed by the device. Due to devices' limited coherence times and gate fidelities, the compilation process has to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Sarah Schneider , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

In the task of quantum state learning, one receives some data about measurements performed on a state, and using that, must make predictions on the outcomes of unseen measurements. Computing a prediction is generally hard but it has been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-19 Mithuna Yoganathan

The architecture of circuital quantum computers requires computing layers devoted to compiling high-level quantum algorithms into lower-level circuits of quantum gates. The general problem of quantum compiling is to approximate any unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-21 Lorenzo Moro , Matteo G. A. Paris , Marcello Restelli , Enrico Prati

We investigate the problem of evaluating the output probabilities of Clifford circuits with nonstabilizer product input states. First, we consider the case when the input state is mixed, and give an efficient classical algorithm to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-25 Kaifeng Bu , Dax Enshan Koh

The Clifford group is a finite subgroup of the unitary group generated by the Hadamard, the CNOT, and the Phase gates. This group plays a prominent role in quantum error correction, randomized benchmarking protocols, and the study of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-17 Sergey Bravyi , Ruslan Shaydulin , Shaohan Hu , Dmitri Maslov

Generative modeling is a flavor of machine learning with applications ranging from computer vision to chemical design. It is expected to be one of the techniques most suited to take advantage of the additional resources provided by…

Quantum circuits for mathematical functions such as division are necessary to use quantum computers for scientific computing. Quantum circuits based on Clifford+T gates can easily be made fault-tolerant but the T gate is very costly to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-27 Himanshu Thapliyal , Edgard Muñoz-Coreas , T. S. S. Varun , Travis S. Humble

Efficiently implementing Clifford circuits is crucial for quantum error correction and quantum algorithms. Linear reversible circuits, equivalent to circuits composed of CNOT gates, have important applications in classical computing. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-20 Mark Webster , Stergios Koutsioumpas , Dan E Browne

There is increasing interest in the development of gate-based quantum circuits for the training of machine learning models. Yet, little is understood concerning the parameters of circuit design, and the effects of noise and other…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-14 Patrick Selig , Niall Murphy , Ashwin Sundareswaran R , David Redmond , Simon Caton

The treewidth of a graph is a useful combinatorial measure of how close the graph is to a tree. We prove that a quantum circuit with $T$ gates whose underlying graph has treewidth $d$ can be simulated deterministically in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-07-12 Igor L. Markov , Yaoyun Shi

Quantum information science strives to leverage the quantum-mechanical nature of our universe in order to achieve large improvements in certain information processing tasks. In deep-space optical communications, current receivers for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-16 Narayanan Rengaswamy

We investigate the emergence of quantum complexity and chaos in doped Clifford circuits acting on qudits of odd prime dimension $d$. Using doped Clifford Weingarten calculus and a replica tensor network formalism, we derive exact results…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-24 Beatrice Magni , Xhek Turkeshi

We present a quantum algorithm for multiplying two $n$-bit integers with overall circuit depth and $T$-depth both bounded by $O(\log^{2} n)$, while using $O(n^{2})$ gates and ancillary qubits. Our construction generates partial products via…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Fred Sun , Anton Borissov

Quantum generative models use the intrinsic probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics to learn and reproduce complex probability distributions. In this paper, we present an implementation of a 3-qubit quantum circuit Born machine trained to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-04 Soumyadip Sarkar

Quantum Error Correction (QEC) is the cornerstone of practical Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing (FTQC), but incurs enormous resource overheads. Circuits must decompose into Clifford+T gates, and the non-transversal T gates demand costly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Archisman Ghosh , Avimita Chatterjee , Swaroop Ghosh