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We propose a test of the conditional independence of random variables $X$ and~$Y$ given~$Z$ under the additional assumption that $X$ is stochastically nondecreasing in~$Z$. The well-documented hardness of testing conditional independence…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-24 Rohan Hore , Jake A. Soloff , Rina Foygel Barber , Richard J. Samworth

Symmetry plays a central role in the sciences, machine learning, and statistics. While statistical tests for the presence of distributional invariance with respect to groups have a long history, tests for conditional symmetry in the form of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-12 Kenny Chiu , Alex Sharp , Benjamin Bloem-Reddy

We consider the sequential composite binary hypothesis testing problem in which one of the hypotheses is governed by a single distribution while the other is governed by a family of distributions whose parameters belong to a known set…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Jiachun Pan , Yonglong Li , Vincent Y. F. Tan

Motivated by conditional independence testing, an essential step in constraint-based causal discovery algorithms, we study the nonparametric Von Mises estimator for the entropy of multivariate distributions built on a kernel density…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Fateme Jamshidi , Luca Ganassali , Negar Kiyavash

We establish topological necessary and sufficient conditions under which a pair of statistical hypotheses can be consistently distinguished when i.i.d. observations are recorded only to finite precision. To accommodate finite-precision…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-06 Philip Boeken , Eduardo Skapinakis , Konstantin Genin , Joris M. Mooij

Given observations from a stationary time series, permutation tests allow one to construct exactly level $\alpha$ tests under the null hypothesis of an i.i.d. (or, more generally, exchangeable) distribution. On the other hand, when the null…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-09 Joseph P. Romano , Marius A. Tirlea

In this paper, we consider the problem of testing properties of joint distributions under the Conditional Sampling framework. In the standard sampling model, the sample complexity of testing properties of joint distributions is exponential…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Rishiraj Bhattacharyya , Sourav Chakraborty

Conformal prediction provides prediction sets with finite-sample marginal coverage, but many applications require coverage guarantees that adapt to individual test points, a subpopulation, or a structural component of the data. Existing…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-27 Yinjie Min , Liuhua Peng , Changliang Zou

Tests of independence are an important tool in applications, specifically in connection with the detection of a relationship between variables; they also have initiated many developments in statistical theory. In the present paper we build…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-13 L. Baringhaus , R. Grübel

We study a new framework for property testing of probability distributions, by considering distribution testing algorithms that have access to a conditional sampling oracle.* This is an oracle that takes as input a subset $S \subseteq [N]$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-01-19 Clement Canonne , Dana Ron , Rocco A. Servedio

Distribution testing is a fundamental statistical task with many applications, but we are interested in a variety of problems where systematic mislabelings of the sample prevent us from applying the existing theory. To apply distribution…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Renato Ferreira Pinto , Nathaniel Harms

A common assumption in causal inference from observational data is that there is no hidden confounding. Yet it is, in general, impossible to verify this assumption from a single dataset. Under the assumption of independent causal mechanisms…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-07 Rickard K. A. Karlsson , Jesse H. Krijthe

We study the question of testing structured properties (classes) of discrete distributions. Specifically, given sample access to an arbitrary distribution $D$ over $[n]$ and a property $\mathcal{P}$, the goal is to distinguish between…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-01-22 Clément L. Canonne , Ilias Diakonikolas , Themis Gouleakis , Ronitt Rubinfeld

Conditional independence (CI) testing is frequently used in data analysis and machine learning for various scientific fields and it forms the basis of constraint-based causal discovery. Oftentimes, CI testing relies on strong, rather…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-21 Wiebke Günther , Urmi Ninad , jonas Wahl , Jakob Runge

This paper provides tests for detecting sample selection in nonparametric conditional quantile functions. The first test is an omitted predictor test with the propensity score as the omitted variable. As with any omnibus test, in the case…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-01-08 Valentina Corradi , Daniel Gutknecht

Dette, Siburg, and Stoimenov (2013) introduced a copula-based measure of dependence, which implies independence if it vanishes and is equal to 1 if one variable is a measurable function of the other. For continuous distributions, the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Mona Azadkia , Holger Dette

We consider the problem of non-parametric Conditional Independence testing (CI testing) for continuous random variables. Given i.i.d samples from the joint distribution $f(x,y,z)$ of continuous random vectors $X,Y$ and $Z,$ we determine…

A lattice-theoretic framework is introduced that permits the study of the conditional independence (CI) implication problem relative to the class of discrete probability measures. Semi-lattices are associated with CI statements and a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-08-12 Mathias Niepert , Dirk Van Gucht , Marc Gyssens

A lattice-theoretic framework is introduced that permits the study of the conditional independence (CI) implication problem relative to the class of discrete probability measures. Semi-lattices are associated with CI statements and a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2008-11-03 Mathias Niepert , Dirk Van Gucht , Marc Gyssens

The distributed hypothesis testing problem with full side-information is studied. The trade-off (reliability function) between the two types of error exponents under limited rate is studied in the following way. First, the problem is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-04-24 Nir Weinberger , Yuval Kochman