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We study the problem of cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning with a single joint reward signal. This class of learning problems is difficult because of the often large combined action and observation spaces. In the fully…

Standard deep reinforcement learning algorithms use a shared representation for the policy and value function, especially when training directly from images. However, we argue that more information is needed to accurately estimate the value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Roberta Raileanu , Rob Fergus

Value-decomposition methods, which reduce the difficulty of a multi-agent system by decomposing the joint state-action space into local observation-action spaces, have become popular in cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL).…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Shuhan Qi , Shuhao Zhang , Qiang Wang , Jiajia Zhang , Jing Xiao , Xuan Wang

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful technique for training intelligent agents, but understanding why these agents make specific decisions can be quite challenging. This lack of transparency in RL models has been a long-standing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Wenhao Lu , Xufeng Zhao , Thilo Fryen , Jae Hee Lee , Mengdi Li , Sven Magg , Stefan Wermter

Explaining the behaviour of intelligent agents learned by reinforcement learning (RL) to humans is challenging yet crucial due to their incomprehensible proprioceptive states, variational intermediate goals, and resultant unpredictability.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Wenhao Lu , Xufeng Zhao , Sven Magg , Martin Gromniak , Mengdi Li , Stefan Wermter

Recent advances in recommender systems have shown that user-system interaction essentially formulates long-term optimization problems, and online reinforcement learning can be adopted to improve recommendation performance. The general…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Xiaobei Wang , Shuchang Liu , Qingpeng Cai , Xiang Li , Lantao Hu , Han li , Guangming Xie

Value functions are crucial for model-free Reinforcement Learning (RL) to obtain a policy implicitly or guide the policy updates. Value estimation heavily depends on the stochasticity of environmental dynamics and the quality of reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Hongyao Tang , Jianye Hao , Guangyong Chen , Pengfei Chen , Zhaopeng Meng , Yaodong Yang , Li Wang

Value-based methods of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), especially the value decomposition methods, have been demonstrated on a range of challenging cooperative tasks. However, current methods pay little attention to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Xiaoteng Ma , Yiqin Yang , Chenghao Li , Yiwen Lu , Qianchuan Zhao , Yang Jun

Value function is the central notion of Reinforcement Learning (RL). Value estimation, especially with function approximation, can be challenging since it involves the stochasticity of environmental dynamics and reward signals that can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-04 Hongyao Tang , Jianye Hao , Guangyong Chen , Pengfei Chen , Chen Chen , Yaodong Yang , Luo Zhang , Wulong Liu , Zhaopeng Meng

In cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning, a collection of agents learns to interact in a shared environment to achieve a common goal. We propose the use of reward machines (RM) -- Mealy machines used as structured representations…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Cyrus Neary , Zhe Xu , Bo Wu , Ufuk Topcu

Many studies have applied reinforcement learning to train a dialog policy and show great promise these years. One common approach is to employ a user simulator to obtain a large number of simulated user experiences for reinforcement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Ryuichi Takanobu , Runze Liang , Minlie Huang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown remarkable success in solving complex decision-making and control tasks. However, many model-free RL algorithms experience performance degradation due to inaccurate value estimation, particularly the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Jingliang Duan , Wenxuan Wang , Liming Xiao , Jiaxin Gao , Shengbo Eben Li , Chang Liu , Ya-Qin Zhang , Bo Cheng , Keqiang Li

Value Decomposition (VD) aims to deduce the contributions of agents for decentralized policies in the presence of only global rewards, and has recently emerged as a powerful credit assignment paradigm for tackling cooperative Multi-Agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Shunyu Liu , Yihe Zhou , Jie Song , Tongya Zheng , Kaixuan Chen , Tongtian Zhu , Zunlei Feng , Mingli Song

One of the preeminent obstacles to scaling multi-agent reinforcement learning to large numbers of agents is assigning credit to individual agents' actions. In this paper, we address this credit assignment problem with an approach that we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Benjamin Freed , Aditya Kapoor , Ian Abraham , Jeff Schneider , Howie Choset

Deep reinforcement learning methods have shown great performance on many challenging cooperative multi-agent tasks. Two main promising research directions are multi-agent value function decomposition and multi-agent policy gradients. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Yuan Pu , Shaochen Wang , Rui Yang , Xin Yao , Bin Li

In this paper, we propose a novel model-based multi-agent reinforcement learning approach named Value Decomposition Framework with Disentangled World Model to address the challenge of achieving a common goal of multiple agents interacting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zhizun Wang , David Meger

Static feature exclusion strategies often fail to prevent bias when hidden dependencies influence the model predictions. To address this issue, we explore a reinforcement learning (RL) framework that integrates bias mitigation and automated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Sudip Khadka , L. S. Paudel

One approach for improving sample efficiency in cooperative multi-agent learning is to decompose overall tasks into sub-tasks that can be assigned to individual agents. We study this problem in the context of reward machines: symbolic tasks…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Ameesh Shah , Niklas Lauffer , Thomas Chen , Nikhil Pitta , Sanjit A. Seshia

Discrete-action reinforcement learning algorithms often falter in tasks with high-dimensional discrete action spaces due to the vast number of possible actions. A recent advancement leverages value-decomposition, a concept from multi-agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-11 David Ireland , Giovanni Montana

Training a team to complete a complex task via multi-agent reinforcement learning can be difficult due to challenges such as policy search in a large joint policy space, and non-stationarity caused by mutually adapting agents. To facilitate…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Elliot Fosong , Arrasy Rahman , Ignacio Carlucho , Stefano V. Albrecht
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