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Rapid adaptation in complex control systems remains a central challenge in reinforcement learning. We introduce a framework in which policy and value functions share a low-dimensional coefficient vector - a goal embedding - that captures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Cristiano Capone , Luca Falorsi , Andrea Ciardiello , Luca Manneschi

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is a challenging task, as agents must learn complex and diverse individual strategies from a shared team reward. However, existing methods struggle to distinguish and exploit important…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Xunhan Hu , Jian Zhao , Wengang Zhou , Ruili Feng , Houqiang Li

Value function decomposition is becoming a popular rule of thumb for scaling up multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in cooperative games. For such a decomposition rule to hold, the assumption of the individual-global max (IGM)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Zehao Dou , Jakub Grudzien Kuba , Yaodong Yang

Value function decomposition methods for cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning compose joint values from individual per-agent utilities, and train them using a joint objective. To ensure that the action selection process between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Andrea Baisero , Rupali Bhati , Shuo Liu , Aathira Pillai , Christopher Amato

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has shown great potential to enhance the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs). However, due to the limited amount of information provided during the RLVR process, the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zhipeng Chen , Xiaobo Qin , Wayne Xin Zhao , Youbin Wu , Ji-Rong Wen

Interactive multimodal agents must convert raw visual observations into coherent sequences of language-conditioned actions -- a capability that current vision-language models (VLMs) still lack. Earlier reinforcement-learning (RL) efforts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 George Bredis , Stanislav Dereka , Viacheslav Sinii , Ruslan Rakhimov , Daniil Gavrilov

Value decomposition has long been a fundamental technique in multi-agent dynamic programming and reinforcement learning (RL). Specifically, the value function of a global state $(s_1,s_2,\ldots,s_N)$ is often approximated as the sum of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Shuze Chen , Tianyi Peng

We investigate the explainability of Reinforcement Learning (RL) policies from a temporal perspective, focusing on the sequence of future outcomes associated with individual actions. In RL, value functions compress information about rewards…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Franco Ruggeri , Alessio Russo , Rafia Inam , Karl Henrik Johansson

Distributional reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful framework increasingly adopted in safety-critical domains for its ability to optimize risk-sensitive objectives. However, the role of the discount factor is often overlooked, as it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Mehrdad Moghimi , Anthony Coache , Hyejin Ku

Reinforcement learning has been proven to be highly effective in handling complex control tasks. Traditional methods typically use unimodal distributions, such as Gaussian distributions, to model the output of value distributions. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Tong Liu , Yinuo Wang , Xujie Song , Wenjun Zou , Liangfa Chen , Likun Wang , Bin Shuai , Jingliang Duan , Shengbo Eben Li

Many environments contain numerous available niches of variable value, each associated with a different local optimum in the space of behaviors (policy space). In such situations it is often difficult to design a learning process capable of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Peter Sunehag , Alexander Sasha Vezhnevets , Edgar Duéñez-Guzmán , Igor Mordach , Joel Z. Leibo

Off-policy reinforcement learning (RL) is concerned with learning a rewarding policy by executing another policy that gathers samples of experience. While the former policy (i.e. target policy) is rewarding but in-expressive (in most cases,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Anji Liu , Yitao Liang , Guy Van den Broeck

Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents require the specification of a reward signal for learning behaviours. However, introduction of corrupt or stochastic rewards can yield high variance in learning. Such corruption may be a direct result of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Joshua Romoff , Peter Henderson , Alexandre Piché , Vincent Francois-Lavet , Joelle Pineau

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is emerging as tool for tackling complex control and decision-making problems. However, in high-risk environments such as healthcare, manufacturing, automotive or aerospace, it is often challenging to bridge the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Paul Festor , Giulia Luise , Matthieu Komorowski , A. Aldo Faisal

An important property for lifelong-learning agents is the ability to combine existing skills to solve unseen tasks. In general, however, it is unclear how to compose skills in a principled way. We provide a "recipe" for optimal value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-13 Benjamin van Niekerk , Steven James , Adam Earle , Benjamin Rosman

We present a novel AI-assisted method for decomposing (segmenting) planar CAD (computer-aided design) models into well shaped rectangular blocks as a proof-of-principle of a general decomposition method applicable to complex 2D and 3D CAD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Benjamin C. DiPrete , Rao V. Garimella , Cristina Garcia Cardona , Navamita Ray

Role-based learning holds the promise of achieving scalable multi-agent learning by decomposing complex tasks using roles. However, it is largely unclear how to efficiently discover such a set of roles. To solve this problem, we propose to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Tonghan Wang , Tarun Gupta , Anuj Mahajan , Bei Peng , Shimon Whiteson , Chongjie Zhang

Model-free deep reinforcement learning (RL) has been successfully applied to challenging continuous control domains. However, poor sample efficiency prevents these methods from being widely used in real-world domains. This paper introduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Sicen Li , Qinyun Tang , Yiming Pang , Xinmeng Ma , Gang Wang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) can enable agents to learn complex tasks. However, it is difficult to interpret the knowledge and reuse it across tasks. Inductive biases can address such issues by explicitly providing generic yet useful…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Thomas Schnürer , Malte Probst , Horst-Michael Gross

Policy gradient methods in actor-critic reinforcement learning (RL) have become perhaps the most promising approaches to solving continuous optimal control problems. However, the trial-and-error nature of RL and the inherent randomness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Ruofan Wu , Junmin Zhong , Jennie Si