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The performance of keyword spotting (KWS), measured in false alarms and false rejects, degrades significantly under the far field and noisy conditions. In this paper, we propose a multi-look neural network modeling for speech enhancement…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-22 Meng Yu , Xuan Ji , Bo Wu , Dan Su , Dong Yu

This paper addresses the persistent challenge in Keyword Spotting (KWS), a fundamental component in speech technology, regarding the acquisition of substantial labeled data for training. Given the difficulty in obtaining large quantities of…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Weinan Dai , Yifeng Jiang , Yuanjing Liu , Jinkun Chen , Xin Sun , Jinglei Tao

Detecting occurrences of keywords with keyword spotting (KWS) systems requires thresholding continuous detection scores. Selecting appropriate thresholds is a non-trivial task, typically relying on optimizing performance on a validation…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-23 Kevin Wilkinghoff , Alessia Cornaggia-Urrigshardt , Zheng-Hua Tan

Keyword spotting (KWS) and speaker verification (SV) have been studied independently although it is known that acoustic and speaker domains are complementary. In this paper, we propose a multi-task network that performs KWS and SV…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-10 Myunghun Jung , Youngmoon Jung , Jahyun Goo , Hoirin Kim

Mainly for the sake of solving the lack of keyword-specific data, we propose one Keyword Spotting (KWS) system using Deep Neural Network (DNN) and Connectionist Temporal Classifier (CTC) on power-constrained small-footprint mobile devices,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-13 Zhiming Wang , Xiaolong Li , Jun Zhou

With the increasing prevalence of voice-activated devices and applications, keyword spotting (KWS) models enable users to interact with technology hands-free, enhancing convenience and accessibility in various contexts. Deploying KWS models…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-29 Jonathan Svirsky , Uri Shaham , Ofir Lindenbaum

Customized keyword spotting (KWS) has great potential to be deployed on edge devices to achieve hands-free user experience. However, in real applications, false alarm (FA) would be a serious problem for spotting dozens or even hundreds of…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Zhanheng Yang , Sining Sun , Jin Li , Xiaoming Zhang , Xiong Wang , Long Ma , Lei Xie

In this paper, we propose several methods that incorporate vocal tract length (VTL) warped features for spoken keyword spotting (KWS). The first method, VTL-independent KWS, involves training a single deep neural network (DNN) that utilizes…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Achintya kr. Sarkar , Priyanka Dwivedi , Zheng-Hua Tan

The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) driven Keyword Spotting (KWS) technologies has revolutionized human to machine interaction. Yet, the challenge of end-to-end energy efficiency, memory footprint and system complexity of current…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-28 Jie Lei , Tousif Rahman , Rishad Shafik , Adrian Wheeldon , Alex Yakovlev , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Fahim Kawsar , Akhil Mathur

This paper proposes a novel user-defined keyword spotting framework that accurately detects audio keywords based on text enrollment. Since audio data possesses additional acoustic information compared to text, there are discrepancies…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-23 Youkyum Kim , Jaemin Jung , Jihwan Park , Byeong-Yeol Kim , Joon Son Chung

Current keyword spotting systems primarily use phoneme-level matching to distinguish confusable words but ignore user-specific pronunciation traits like prosody (intonation, stress, rhythm). This paper presents ProKWS, a novel framework…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-20 Jianan Pan , Yuanming Zhang , Kejie Huang

Keyword spotting (KWS) on mobile devices generally requires a small memory footprint. However, most current models still maintain a large number of parameters in order to ensure good performance. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Shenghua Hu , Jing Wang , Yujun Wang , Lidong Yang , Wenjing Yang

The Transformer architecture has been successful across many domains, including natural language processing, computer vision and speech recognition. In keyword spotting, self-attention has primarily been used on top of convolutional or…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-11 Axel Berg , Mark O'Connor , Miguel Tairum Cruz

Voice assistants are now widely available, and to activate them a keyword spotting (KWS) algorithm is used. Modern KWS systems are mainly trained using supervised learning methods and require a large amount of labelled data to achieve a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-28 Jacob Mørk , Holger Severin Bovbjerg , Gergely Kiss , Zheng-Hua Tan

For training a few-shot keyword spotting (FS-KWS) model, a large labeled dataset containing massive target keywords has known to be essential to generalize to arbitrary target keywords with only a few enrollment samples. To alleviate the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-10 Dongjune Lee , Minchan Kim , Sung Hwan Mun , Min Hyun Han , Nam Soo Kim

Keyword spotting (KWS) provides a critical user interface for many mobile and edge applications, including phones, wearables, and cars. As KWS systems are typically 'always on', maximizing both accuracy and power efficiency are central to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-11 Peter Blouw , Gurshaant Malik , Benjamin Morcos , Aaron R. Voelker , Chris Eliasmith

Existing keyword spotting (KWS) systems primarily rely on predefined keyword phrases. However, the ability to recognize customized keywords is crucial for tailoring interactions with intelligent devices. In this paper, we present a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Zhenyu Wang , Shuyu Kong , Li Wan , Biqiao Zhang , Yiteng Huang , Mumin Jin , Ming Sun , Xin Lei , Zhaojun Yang

Keyword spotting (KWS) refers to the task of identifying a set of predefined words in audio streams. With the advances seen recently with deep neural networks, it has become a popular technology to activate and control small devices, such…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-25 Heitor R. Guimarães , Arthur Pimentel , Anderson Avila , Tiago H. Falk

One of the challenges in developing a high quality custom keyword spotting (KWS) model is the lengthy and expensive process of collecting training data covering a wide range of languages, phrases and speaking styles. We introduce Synth4Kws…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-06 Pai Zhu , Dhruuv Agarwal , Jacob W. Bartel , Kurt Partridge , Hyun Jin Park , Quan Wang

Despite their great performance over the years, handcrafted speech features are not necessarily optimal for any particular speech application. Consequently, with greater or lesser success, optimal filterbank learning has been studied for…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-02 Iván López-Espejo , Zheng-Hua Tan , Jesper Jensen