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Stream-based active learning (AL) is an efficient training data collection method, and it is used to reduce human annotation cost required in machine learning. However, it is difficult to say that the human cost is low enough because most…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Kanata Suzuki , Taro Sunagawa , Tomotake Sasaki , Takashi Katoh

The rapid development of LLMs has raised concerns about their potential misuse, leading to various watermarking schemes that typically offer high detectability. However, existing watermarking techniques often face trade-off between…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Chenrui Wang , Junyi Shu , Billy Chiu , Yu Li , Saleh Alharbi , Min Zhang , Jing Li

Watermarking has emerged as a promising solution for tracing and authenticating text generated by large language models (LLMs). A common approach to LLM watermarking is to construct a green/red token list and assign higher or lower…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Li An , Yujian Liu , Yepeng Liu , Yuheng Bu , Yang Zhang , Shiyu Chang

Semi-supervised few-shot learning (SSFSL) formulates real-world applications like ''auto-annotation'', as it aims to learn a model over a few labeled and abundant unlabeled examples to annotate the unlabeled ones. Despite the availability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Tian Liu , Anwesha Basu , James Caverlee , Shu Kong

ROI extraction is an active but challenging task in remote sensing because of the complicated landform, the complex boundaries and the requirement of annotations. Weakly supervised learning (WSL) aims at learning a mapping from input image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Lingfeng He , Mengze Xu , Jie Ma

Recent advances in pre-trained language models (PLMs) have demonstrated their capabilities in capturing universal knowledge, making them promising for radar signal processing applications. Nevertheless, directly fine-tuning PLMs on radar…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-01 Qiying Hu , Yaowen Li , Shengyi Zhang , Chuan Huang , Yu Liu , You He

Modern machine learning pipelines, in particular those based on deep learning (DL) models, require large amounts of labeled data. For classification problems, the most common learning paradigm consists of presenting labeled examples during…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Jacopo Teneggi , Paul H. Yi , Jeremias Sulam

Semi-supervised Camouflaged Object Detection (SSCOD) aims to reduce reliance on costly pixel-level annotations by leveraging limited annotated data and abundant unlabeled data. However, existing SSCOD methods based on Teacher-Student…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Xihang Hu , Fuming Sun , Jiazhe Liu , Feilong Xu , Xiaoli Zhang

Weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) trains dense pixel-level segmentation models from partial or coarse annotations such as bounding boxes, scribbles, or image-level tags. While recent work leverages foundation models such as the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Stefano Colamonaco , Andrei-Bogdan Florea , Jaron Maene

State-of-the-art learning based boundary detection methods require extensive training data. Since labelling object boundaries is one of the most expensive types of annotations, there is a need to relax the requirement to carefully annotate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-11-25 Anna Khoreva , Rodrigo Benenson , Mohamed Omran , Matthias Hein , Bernt Schiele

Deep convolutional neural networks generally perform well in underwater object recognition tasks on both optical and sonar images. Many such methods require hundreds, if not thousands, of images per class to generalize well to unseen…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Mateusz Ochal , Jose Vazquez , Yvan Petillot , Sen Wang

We propose a novel benchmark environment for Safe Reinforcement Learning focusing on aquatic navigation. Aquatic navigation is an extremely challenging task due to the non-stationary environment and the uncertainties of the robotic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Enrico Marchesini , Davide Corsi , Alessandro Farinelli

Weakly supervised semantic segmentation is a challenging task as it only takes image-level information as supervision for training but produces pixel-level predictions for testing. To address such a challenging task, most recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-20 Bingfeng Zhang , Jimin Xiao , Yunchao Wei , Mingjie Sun , Kaizhu Huang

Data quantity and quality are crucial factors for data-driven learning methods. In some target problem domains, there are not many data samples available, which could significantly hinder the learning process. While data from similar…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Shichao Xu , Lixu Wang , Yixuan Wang , Qi Zhu

Sparse labels have been attracting much attention in recent years. However, the performance gap between weakly supervised and fully supervised salient object detection methods is huge, and most previous weakly supervised works adopt complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Siyue Yu , Bingfeng Zhang , Jimin Xiao , Eng Gee Lim

Competitive point cloud semantic segmentation results usually rely on a large amount of labeled data. However, data annotation is a time-consuming and labor-intensive task, particularly for three-dimensional point cloud data. Thus,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Puzuo Wang , Wei Yao

Deep learning (DL) has proven highly effective for ultrasound-based computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) of breast cancers. In an automaticCAD system, lesion detection is critical for the following diagnosis. However, existing DL-based methods…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-13 Jian Wang , Liang Qiao , Shichong Zhou , Jin Zhou , Jun Wang , Juncheng Li , Shihui Ying , Cai Chang , Jun Shi

Pre-trained vision-language models learn massive data to model unified representations of images and natural languages, which can be widely applied to downstream machine learning tasks. In addition to zero-shot inference, in order to better…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Qian-Wei Wang , Yuqiu Xie , Letian Zhang , Zimo Liu , Shu-Tao Xia

Recent studies highlight that deep learning models often learn spurious features mistakenly linked to labels, compromising their reliability in real-world scenarios where such correlations do not hold. Despite the increasing research…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Xiwei Xuan , Ziquan Deng , Hsuan-Tien Lin , Kwan-Liu Ma

Few-shot learning (FSL) enables object detection models to recognize novel classes given only a few annotated examples, thereby reducing expensive manual data labeling. This survey examines recent FSL advances for video and 3D object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Md Meftahul Ferdaus , Kendall N. Niles , Joe Tom , Mahdi Abdelguerfi , Elias Ioup