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Analysis of player tracking data for American football is in its infancy, since the National Football League (NFL) released its Next Gen Stats tracking data publicly for the first time in December 2018. While tracking datasets in other…

Applications · Statistics 2020-04-16 Rishav Dutta , Ronald Yurko , Samuel Ventura

In American football, a pass rush is an attempt by the defensive team to disrupt the offense and prevent the quarterback (QB) from completing a pass. Existing metrics for assessing pass rush performance are either discrete-time quantities…

Applications · Statistics 2023-08-01 Quang Nguyen , Ronald Yurko , Gregory J. Matthews

The process of decision-making in football is characterized by a complex interplay between spatial positioning, opponent pressure, and player intent. This work introduces a Graph Neural Network (GNN) framework designed to predict Receiver…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Gabriel Masella , Giuseppe Alessio D'Inverno , Max Goldsmith , Gianluigi Rozza

The NFL collects detailed tracking data capturing the location of all players and the ball during each play. Although the raw form of this data is not publicly available, the NFL releases a set of aggregated statistics via their Next Gen…

Applications · Statistics 2019-12-09 Sarah Mallepalle , Ron Yurko , Konstantinos Pelechrinis , Samuel L. Ventura

Although the data-driven analysis of football players' performance has been developed for years, most research only focuses on the on-ball event including shots and passes, while the off-ball movement remains a little-explored area in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Yisheng Pei , Varuna De Silva , Mike Caine

American football games attract significant worldwide attention every year. Identifying players from videos in each play is also essential for the indexing of player participation. Processing football game video presents great challenges…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Hongshan Liu , Colin Aderon , Noah Wagon , Abdul Latif Bamba , Xueshen Li , Huapu Liu , Steven MacCall , Yu Gan

Tackling is a fundamental defensive move in American football, with the main purpose of stopping the forward motion of the ball-carrier. However, current tackling metrics are manually recorded outcomes that are inherently flawed due to…

Applications · Statistics 2025-01-08 Quang Nguyen , Ruitong Jiang , Meg Ellingwood , Ronald Yurko

American football is a leading sport for contact-related injuries such as cervical spine injuries, some of which result from an unforeseen hit. The use of a feedback mechanism to alert an athlete of a potential hit may mitigate the risk for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-09 Moeen Mostafavi , Fateme Nikseresht , Jacob Earl Resch , Laura Barnes , Mehdi Boukhechba

Continuous-time assessments of game outcomes in sports have become increasingly common in the last decade. In American football, only discrete-time estimates of play value were possible, since the most advanced public football datasets were…

American football is an increasingly popular sport, with a growing audience in many countries in the world. The most watched American football league in the world is the United States' National Football League (NFL), where every offensive…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-17 Gustavo Pompeu da Silva , Rafael de Andrade Moral

Tracking data in the NFL is a sequence of spatial-temporal measurements that vary in length depending on the duration of the play. In this paper, we demonstrate how model-based curve clustering of observed player trajectories can be used to…

Applications · Statistics 2020-03-17 Dani Chu , Matthew Reyers , James Thomson , Lucas Wu

American football is unique in that offensive and defensive units typically consist of separate players who don't share the field simultaneously, which tempts one to evaluate them independently. However, a team's offensive and defensive…

Applications · Statistics 2025-06-04 Andrey Skripnikov , Sujit Sivadanam

The National Football League and Amazon Web Services teamed up to develop the best sports injury surveillance and mitigation program via the Kaggle competition. Through which the NFL wants to assign specific players to each helmet, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Mrinal Mathur , Archana Benkkallpalli Chandrashekhar , Venkata Krishna Chaithanya Nuthalapati

Player attribution in American football remains an open problem due to the complex nature of twenty-two players interacting on the field, but the granularity of player tracking data provides ample opportunity for novel approaches. In this…

Applications · Statistics 2025-06-24 Ronald Yurko , Quang Nguyen , Konstantinos Pelechrinis

Unlike other major professional sports, American football lacks comprehensive statistical ratings for player evaluation that are both reproducible and easily interpretable in terms of game outcomes. Existing methods for player evaluation in…

Applications · Statistics 2018-07-13 Ronald Yurko , Samuel Ventura , Maksim Horowitz

In football, attacking teams attempt to break through the opponent's defensive line to create scoring opportunities. This action, known as a Line Break, is a critical indicator of offensive effectiveness and tactical performance, yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Shoma Yagi , Jun Ichikawa , Genki Ichinose

Football is a very result-driven industry, with goals being rarer than in most sports, so having further parameters to judge the performance of teams and individuals is key. Expected Goals (xG) allow further insight than just a scoreline.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-04 James H. Hewitt , Oktay Karakuş

Defensive coverage schemes in the National Football League (NFL) represent complex tactical patterns requiring coordinated assignments among defenders who must react dynamically to the offense's passing concept. This paper presents a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Kevin Song , Evan Diewald , Ornob Siddiquee , Chris Boomhower , Keegan Abdoo , Mike Band , Amy Lee

In most sports, especially football, most coaches and analysts search for key performance indicators using notational analysis. This method utilizes a statistical summary of events based on video footage and numerical records of goal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Chenyao Li , Stylianos Kampakis , Philip Treleaven

Multi-Object Tracking (MOT) plays a critical role in analyzing player behavior from videos, enabling performance evaluation. Current MOT methods are often evaluated using publicly available datasets. However, most of these focus on everyday…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Rintaro Otsubo , Kanta Sawafuji , Hideo Saito
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