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Multiple-instance learning (MIL) has served as an important tool for a wide range of vision applications, for instance, image classification, object detection, and visual tracking. In this paper, we propose a novel method to solve the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-10-06 Xinggang Wang , Zhuotun Zhu , Cong Yao , Xiang Bai

In histopathology, intelligent diagnosis of Whole Slide Images (WSIs) is essential for automating and objectifying diagnoses, reducing the workload of pathologists. However, diagnostic models often face the challenge of forgetting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Weixi Zheng , Aoling Huang , Jingping Yuan , Haoyu Zhao , Zhou Zhao , Yongchao Xu , Thierry Géraud

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a supervised learning methodology that aims to allow models to learn instance class labels from bag class labels, where a bag is defined to contain multiple instances. MIL is gaining traction for learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Samuel W. Remedios , Zihao Wu , Camilo Bermudez , Cailey I. Kerley , Snehashis Roy , Mayur B. Patel , John A. Butman , Bennett A. Landman , Dzung L. Pham

In the field of computational histopathology, both whole slide images (WSIs) and diagnostic captions provide valuable insights for making diagnostic decisions. However, aligning WSIs with diagnostic captions presents a significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Qifeng Zhou , Wenliang Zhong , Yuzhi Guo , Michael Xiao , Hehuan Ma , Junzhou Huang

We propose Spatial-Aware Correlated Multiple Instance Learning (SAC-MIL) for performing WSI classification. SAC-MIL consists of a positional encoding module to encode position information and a SAC block to perform full instance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Yu Bai , Zitong Yu , Haowen Tian , Xijing Wang , Shuo Yan , Lin Wang , Honglin Li , Xitong Ling , Bo Zhang , Zheng Zhang , Wufan Wang , Hui Gao , Xiangyang Gong , Wendong Wang

Whole body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) is the recommended modality for diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM). WB-MRI is used to detect sites of disease across the entire skeletal system, but it requires significant expertise and is…

In multiple instance multiple label learning, each sample, a bag, consists of multiple instances. To alleviate labeling complexity, each sample is associated with a set of bag-level labels leaving instances within the bag unlabeled. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Tam Nguyen , Raviv Raich

Learning representations for individual instances when only bag-level labels are available is a fundamental challenge in multiple instance learning (MIL). Recent works have shown promising results using contrastive self-supervised learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Kangning Liu , Weicheng Zhu , Yiqiu Shen , Sheng Liu , Narges Razavian , Krzysztof J. Geras , Carlos Fernandez-Granda

Multi-instance learning (MIL) is widely used in the computer-aided interpretation of pathological Whole Slide Images (WSIs) to solve the lack of pixel-wise or patch-wise annotations. Often, this approach directly applies "natural image…

In this paper, we address the segmentation of tumor subtypes in whole slide images (WSI) by utilizing incomplete label proportions. Specifically, we utilize `partial' label proportions, which give the proportions among tumor subtypes but do…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Shinnosuke Matsuo , Daiki Suehiro , Seiichi Uchida , Hiroaki Ito , Kazuhiro Terada , Akihiko Yoshizawa , Ryoma Bise

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is often used in medical imaging to classify high-resolution 2D images by processing patches or classify 3D volumes by processing slices. However, conventional MIL approaches treat instances separately,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Ethan Harvey , Dennis Johan Loevlie , Michael C. Hughes

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) recently provides an appealing way to alleviate the drifting problem in visual tracking. Following the tracking-by-detection framework, an online MILBoost approach is developed that sequentially chooses weak…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Jinwu Liu , Yao Lu , Tianfei Zhou

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has emerged as a dominant paradigm to extract discriminative feature representations within Whole Slide Images (WSIs) in computational pathology. Despite driving notable progress, existing MIL approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Shu Yang , Yihui Wang , Hao Chen

Whole Slide Imaging (WSI) has become a gold standard in cancer diagnosis, inspecting multi-scale information from cellular to tissue levels. Processing an entire WSI directly is infeasible due to GPU memory constraints; thus, Multiple…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-08 Tianyi Zhang , Sicheng Chen , Borui Kang , Dankai Liao , Qiaochu Xue , Bochong Zhang , Fei Xia , Zeyu Liu , Yueming Jin

Whole Slide Images (WSIs) are critical for various clinical applications, including histopathological analysis. However, current deep learning approaches in this field predominantly focus on individual tumor types, limiting model…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-18 Sharon Peled , Yosef E. Maruvka , Moti Freiman

Whole Slide Imaging (WSI) is a cornerstone of digital pathology, offering detailed insights critical for diagnosis and research. Yet, the gigapixel size of WSIs imposes significant computational challenges, limiting their practical utility.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-15 Ravi Kant Gupta , Shounak Das , Amit Sethi

Accurate analysis of histopathological images is critical for disease diagnosis and treatment planning. Whole-slide images (WSIs), which digitize tissue specimens at gigapixel resolution, are fundamental to this process but require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Enhui Chai , Sicheng Chen , Tianyi Zhang , Chad Wong , Kecheng Huang , Zeyu Liu , Fei Xia

Convolutional neural networks can be trained to perform histology slide classification using weak annotations with multiple instance learning (MIL). However, given the paucity of labeled histology data, direct application of MIL can easily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Ming Y. Lu , Richard J. Chen , Jingwen Wang , Debora Dillon , Faisal Mahmood

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) effectively analyzes whole slide images but faces overfitting due to attention over-concentration. While existing solutions rely on complex architectural modifications or additional processing steps, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yunlong Zhang , Honglin Li , Yunxuan Sun , Zhongyi Shui , Jingxiong Li , Chenglu Zhu , Lin Yang

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has advanced WSI analysis but struggles with the complexity and heterogeneity of WSIs. Existing MIL methods face challenges in aggregating diverse patch information into robust WSI representations. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Beidi Zhao , SangMook Kim , Hao Chen , Chen Zhou , Zu-hua Gao , Gang Wang , Xiaoxiao Li