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The von Neumann and Morgenstern theory postulates that rational choice under uncertainty is equivalent to maximization of expected utility (EU). This view is mathematically appealing and natural because of the affine structure of the space…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-12-22 Roman V. Belavkin

Recent literature in the last Maximum Entropy workshop introduced an analogy between cumulative probability distributions and normalized utility functions. Based on this analogy, a utility density function can de defined as the derivative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-11-10 Ali E. Abbas

If uncertainty is modelled by a probability measure, decisions are typically made by choosing the option with the highest expected utility. If an imprecise probability model is used instead, this decision rule can be generalised in several…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-27 Jasper De Bock

Towards the realization of a sustainable, fair and inclusive society, we proposed a novel decision-making model that incorporates social norms in a rational choice model from the standpoints of deontology and utilitarianism. We proposed a…

We study the design of efficient mechanisms under asymmetric awareness and information. Unawareness refers to the lack of conception rather than the lack of information. Assuming quasi-linear utilities and private values, we show that we…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-04-08 Kym Pram , Burkhard C. Schipper

This paper addresses the challenge of offline policy learning in reinforcement learning with continuous action spaces when unmeasured confounders are present. While most existing research focuses on policy evaluation within partially…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-02 Yuhan Li , Eugene Han , Yifan Hu , Wenzhuo Zhou , Zhengling Qi , Yifan Cui , Ruoqing Zhu

Decision making under abnormal conditions is a critical process that involves evaluating the current state and determining the optimal action to restore the system to a normal state at an acceptable cost. However, in such scenarios,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Ruichu Cai , Xi Chen , Jie Qiao , Zijian Li , Yuequn Liu , Wei Chen , Keli Zhang , Jiale Zheng

Decision-makers frequently must choose a single action from a finite set of alternatives -- for example, physicians selecting a treatment, investors choosing a portfolio risk level, or judges determining sentences. To improve outcomes,…

Applications · Statistics 2026-05-19 Raphaël Langevin

We study sequential experiments where sampling is costly and a decision-maker aims to determine the best treatment for full scale implementation by (1) adaptively allocating units between two possible treatments, and (2) stopping the…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-05-06 Karun Adusumilli

Strong empirical evidence from laboratory experiments, and more recently from population surveys, shows that individuals, when evaluating their situations, pay attention to whether they experience gains or losses, with losses weighing more…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-10-17 Martyna Kobus , Radosław Kurek , Thomas Parker

We present a method for calculating and analyzing stakeholder utilities of processes that arise in, but are not limited to, the social sciences. These areas include business process analysis, healthcare workflow analysis and policy process…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Mark Dukes

We provide an economic interpretation of the practice consisting in incorporating risk measures as constraints in a classic expected return maximization problem. For what we call the infimum of expectations class of risk measures, we show…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2009-06-19 Laetitia Andrieu , Michel De Lara , Babacar Seck

We address the problem of integrating data from multiple, possibly biased, observational and interventional studies, to eventually compute counterfactuals in structural causal models. We start from the case of a single observational dataset…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-01 Marco Zaffalon , Alessandro Antonucci , Rafael Cabañas , David Huber

Consider a decision maker who is responsible to dynamically collect observations so as to enhance his information about an underlying phenomena of interest in a speedy manner while accounting for the penalty of wrong declaration. Due to the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-12-19 Mohammad Naghshvar , Tara Javidi

In this paper, we study the adaptive submodular cover problem under the worst-case setting. This problem generalizes many previously studied problems, namely, the pool-based active learning and the stochastic submodular set cover. The input…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Jing Yuan , Shaojie Tang

How should we evaluate the effect of a policy on the likelihood of an undesirable event, such as conflict? The significance test has three limitations. First, relying on statistical significance misses the fact that uncertainty is a…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-03 Akisato Suzuki

Least worst regret (and sometimes minimax) analysis are often used for decision making whenever it is difficult, or inappropriate, to attach probabilities to possible future scenarios. We show that, for each of these two approaches and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-08-03 Stan Zachary

The goal of policy learning is to train a policy function that recommends a treatment given covariates to maximize population welfare. There are two major approaches in policy learning: the empirical welfare maximization (EWM) approach and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-06 Masahiro Kato

Human decision making is well known to be imperfect and the ability to analyse such processes individually is crucial when attempting to aid or improve a decision-maker's ability to perform a task, e.g. to alert them to potential biases or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Alex J. Chan , Alicia Curth , Mihaela van der Schaar

In consequential domains, it is often impossible to compel individuals to take treatment, so that optimal policy rules are merely suggestions in the presence of human non-adherence to treatment recommendations. We study personalized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Angela Zhou