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Conversational Recommender Systems (CRSs) deliver personalised recommendations through multi-turn natural language dialogue and increasingly support both task-oriented and exploratory interactions. Yet, the factors shaping user interaction…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Raj Mahmud , Shlomo Berkovsky , Mukesh Prasad , A. Baki Kocaballi

Conversational Recommender System (CRS) leverages real-time feedback from users to dynamically model their preferences, thereby enhancing the system's ability to provide personalized recommendations and improving the overall user…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Lixi Zhu , Xiaowen Huang , Jitao Sang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) traditionally relies on scalar reward signals, limiting its ability to leverage the rich semantic knowledge often available in real-world tasks. In contrast, humans learn efficiently by combining numerical…

Conversational recommender systems aim to provide personalized recommendations via natural language interactions. However, existing approaches either decouple recommendation from dialog generation or rely on retrieval-based pipelines,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Sixiao Zhang , Mingrui Liu , Cheng Long

A conversational recommender system (CRS) is a practical application for item recommendation through natural language conversation. Such a system estimates user interests for appropriate personalized recommendations. Users sometimes have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Yuka Okuda , Katsuhito Sudoh , Seitaro Shinagawa , Satoshi Nakamura

The traditional recommendation systems mainly use offline user data to train offline models, and then recommend items for online users, thus suffering from the unreliable estimation of user preferences based on sparse and noisy historical…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Mengyuan Zhao , Xiaowen Huang , Lixi Zhu , Jitao Sang , Jian Yu

The conversational recommendation system (CRS) has been criticized regarding its user experience in real-world scenarios, despite recent significant progress achieved in academia. Existing evaluation protocols for CRS may prioritize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Chen Huang , Peixin Qin , Yang Deng , Wenqiang Lei , Jiancheng Lv , Tat-Seng Chua

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their significant potential to be applied for addressing various application tasks. However, traditional recommender systems continue to face great challenges such as poor interactivity and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Yunfan Gao , Tao Sheng , Youlin Xiang , Yun Xiong , Haofen Wang , Jiawei Zhang

We present an extensible user simulation toolkit to facilitate automatic evaluation of conversational recommender systems. It builds on an established agenda-based approach and extends it with several novel elements, including user…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Jafar Afzali , Aleksander Mark Drzewiecki , Krisztian Balog , Shuo Zhang

The wide development of mobile applications provides a considerable amount of data of all types (images, texts, sounds, videos, etc.). Thus, two main issues have to be considered: assist users in finding information and reduce search and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2014-04-16 Djallel Bouneffouf

Resources for simulation-based evaluation of conversational recommender systems (CRSs) are scarce. The UserSimCRS toolkit was introduced to address this gap. In this work, we present UserSimCRS v2, a significant upgrade aligning the toolkit…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Nolwenn Bernard , Krisztian Balog

Users derive value from a recommender system (RS) only to the extent that it is able to surface content (or items) that meet their needs/preferences. While RSs often have a comprehensive view of user preferences across the entire user base,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Siddharth Prasad , Martin Mladenov , Craig Boutilier

Sequential Recommendation Systems (SRS) have become essential in many real-world applications. However, existing SRS methods often rely on collaborative filtering signals and fail to capture real-time user preferences, while Conversational…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Yifan Wang , Shen Gao , Jiabao Fang , Rui Yan , Billy Chiu , Shuo Shang

Multimodal recommender systems (MRS) integrate heterogeneous user and item data, such as text, images, and structured information, to enhance recommendation performance. The emergence of large language models (LLMs) introduces new…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Alejo Lopez-Avila , Jinhua Du

Traditional recommendation systems estimate user preference on items from past interaction history, thus suffering from the limitations of obtaining fine-grained and dynamic user preference. Conversational recommendation system (CRS) brings…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Wenqiang Lei , Gangyi Zhang , Xiangnan He , Yisong Miao , Xiang Wang , Liang Chen , Tat-Seng Chua

While language models (LMs) offer great potential for conversational recommender systems (CRSs), the paucity of public CRS data makes fine-tuning LMs for CRSs challenging. In response, LMs as user simulators qua data generators can be used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Moonkyung Ryu , Chih-Wei Hsu , Yinlam Chow , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh , Craig Boutilier

In recent years, Recommender Systems (RS) have witnessed a transformative shift with the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). Models such as GPT-3.5/4, Llama, have demonstrated…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Junyi Chen , Toyotaro Suzumura

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit enhanced capabilities in language understanding and generation. By utilizing their embedded knowledge, LLMs are increasingly used as conversational recommender systems (CRS), achieving improved…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zhenrui Yue , Honglei Zhuang , Zhen Qin , Zhankui He , Huimin Zeng , Julian McAuley , Dong Wang

Conversational recommender systems have attracted immense attention recently. The most recent approaches rely on neural models trained on recorded dialogs between humans, implementing an end-to-end learning process. These systems are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Ahtsham Manzoor , Dietmar Jannach

Conversational recommendation systems (CRS) aim to timely and proactively acquire user dynamic preferred attributes through conversations for item recommendation. In each turn of CRS, there naturally have two decision-making processes with…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Sen Zhao , Wei Wei , Yifan Liu , Ziyang Wang , Wendi Li , Xian-Ling Mao , Shuai Zhu , Minghui Yang , Zujie Wen
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