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Counting and sampling directed acyclic graphs from a Markov equivalence class are fundamental tasks in graphical causal analysis. In this paper we show that these tasks can be performed in polynomial time, solving a long-standing open…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Marcel Wienöbst , Max Bannach , Maciej Liśkiewicz

In causal inference on directed acyclic graphs, the orientation of edges is in general only recovered up to Markov equivalence classes. We study Markov equivalence classes of uniformly random directed acyclic graphs. Using a tower…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-10-01 Dominik Schmid , Allan Sly

Counting and uniform sampling of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from a Markov equivalence class are fundamental tasks in graphical causal analysis. In this paper, we show that these tasks can be performed in polynomial time, solving a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Marcel Wienöbst , Max Bannach , Maciej Liśkiewicz

The sizes of Markov equivalence classes of directed acyclic graphs play important roles in measuring the uncertainty and complexity in causal learning. A Markov equivalence class can be represented by an essential graph and its undirected…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-10-26 Yangbo He , Bin Yu

Although the concept of d-separation was originally defined for directed acyclic graphs (see Pearl 1988), there is a natural extension of he concept to directed cyclic graphs. When exactly the same set of d-separation relations hold in two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-18 Thomas S. Richardson

Graphical Markov models determined by acyclic digraphs (ADGs), also called directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), are widely studied in statistics, computer science (as Bayesian networks), operations research (as influence diagrams), and many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-14 Steven B. Gillispie , Michael D. Perlman

In graph realization problems one is given a degree sequence and the task is to decide whether there is a graph whose vertex degrees match to the given sequence. This realization problem is known to be polynomial-time solvable when the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-01-18 Sepp Hartung , André Nichterlein

Acyclic and cyclic orientations of an undirected graph have been widely studied for their importance: an orientation is acyclic if it assigns a direction to each edge so as to obtain a directed acyclic graph (DAG) with the same vertex set;…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-06-22 Alessio Conte , Roberto Grossi , Andrea Marino , Romeo Rizzi

We investigate the odd multiway node (edge) cut problem where the input is a graph with a specified collection of terminal nodes and the goal is to find a smallest subset of nonterminal nodes (edges) to delete so that the terminal nodes do…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-04-09 Karthekeyan Chandrasekaran , Matthias Mnich , Sahand Mozaffari

We propose an improved algorithm for counting the number of Hamiltonian cycles in a directed graph. The basic idea of the method is sequential acceptance/rejection, which is successfully used in approximating the number of perfect matchings…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-11-23 Jinshan Zhang

In some applications of matching, the structural or hierarchical properties of the two graphs being aligned must be maintained. The hierarchical properties are induced by the direction of the edges in the two directed graphs. These…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-09-29 Sean M. Falconer , Dmitri Maslov

Building on previous work by Cameron et al. in [3], we give a recurrence for computing the number of acyclic orientations of complete $k$-partite graphs, which can be implemented to obtain a dynamic programming algorithm running in time…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-09 Veselin Blagoev

We describe a simple algorithm based on a Markov chain process to generate simply connected acyclic directed graphs over a fixed set of vertices. This algorithm is an extension of a previous one, designed to generate acyclic digraphs, non…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Guy Melancon , Fabrice Philippe

Graphical models are popular statistical tools which are used to represent dependent or causal complex systems. Statistically equivalent causal or directed graphical models are said to belong to a Markov equivalent class. It is of great…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-01-30 Yangbo He , Jinzhu Jia , Bin Yu

An oriented graph is a directed graph without directed 2-cycles. Poljak and Turz\'{i}k (1986) proved that every connected oriented graph $G$ on $n$ vertices and $m$ arcs contains an acyclic subgraph with at least $\frac{m}{2}+\frac{n-1}{4}$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-10-01 Robert Crowston , Gregory Gutin , Mark Jones

Motion planning is a fundamental problem of robotics with applications in many areas of computer science and beyond. Its restriction to graphs has been investigated in the literature for it allows to concentrate on the combinatorial problem…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2009-04-14 Zhilin Wu , Stephane Grumbach

A directed acyclic graph (DAG) is the most common graphical model for representing causal relationships among a set of variables. When restricted to using only observational data, the structure of the ground truth DAG is identifiable only…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-09-12 AmirEmad Ghassami , Saber Salehkaleybar , Negar Kiyavash , Kun Zhang

We study random graph models for directed acyclic graphs, an important class of networks that includes citation networks, food webs, and feed-forward neural networks among others. We propose two specific models, roughly analogous to the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-10-16 Brian Karrer , M. E. J. Newman

Given a directed acyclic graph with positive edge-weights, two vertices s and t, and a threshold-weight L, we present a fully-polynomial time approximation-scheme for the problem of counting the s-t paths of length at most L. We extend the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-10-14 Matúš Mihalák , Rastislav Šrámek , Peter Widmayer

Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are directed graphs in which there is no path from a vertex to itself. DAGs are an omnipresent data structure in computer science and the problem of counting the DAGs of given number of vertices and to sample…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Martin Pépin , Alfredo Viola
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