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Simultaneous machine translation attempts to translate a source sentence before it is finished being spoken, with applications to translation of spoken language for live streaming and conversation. Since simultaneous systems trade quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Colin Cherry , George Foster

Simultaneous speech translation (SimulST) systems must balance translation quality with response time, making latency measurement crucial for evaluating their real-world performance. However, there has been a longstanding belief that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Xi Xu , Wenda Xu , Siqi Ouyang , Lei Li

Simultaneous speech-to-text translation systems must balance translation quality with latency. Although quality evaluation is well established, latency measurement remains a challenge. Existing metrics produce inconsistent results,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Peter Polák , Sara Papi , Luisa Bentivogli , Ondřej Bojar

Simultaneous translation systems start producing the output while processing the partial source sentence in the incoming input stream. These systems need to decide when to read more input and when to write the output. These decisions depend…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Mohd Abbas Zaidi , Beomseok Lee , Sangha Kim , Chanwoo Kim

Simultaneous speech-to-speech translation is widely useful but extremely challenging, since it needs to generate target-language speech concurrently with the source-language speech, with only a few seconds delay. In addition, it needs to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Renjie Zheng , Mingbo Ma , Baigong Zheng , Kaibo Liu , Jiahong Yuan , Kenneth Church , Liang Huang

Simultaneous speech translation (SimulST) produces translations incrementally while processing partial speech input. Although large language models (LLMs) have showcased strong capabilities in offline translation tasks, applying them to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Biao Fu , Donglei Yu , Minpeng Liao , Chengxi Li , Yidong Chen , Kai Fan , Xiaodong Shi

Simultaneous speech translation (SimulST) is the task in which output generation has to be performed on partial, incremental speech input. In recent years, SimulST has become popular due to the spread of cross-lingual application scenarios,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Sara Papi , Matteo Negri , Marco Turchi

How to make human-interpreter-like read/write decisions for simultaneous speech translation (SimulST) systems? Current state-of-the-art systems formulate SimulST as a multi-turn dialogue task, requiring specialized interleaved training data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Haotian Tan , Hiroki Ouchi , Sakriani Sakti

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in Spoken Language Understanding (SLU), where effective multimodal learning depends on the alignment between audio and text. Despite various fusion methods, no standard metric exists to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Pooneh Mousavi , Yingzhi Wang , Mirco Ravanelli , Cem Subakan

Simultaneous text translation and end-to-end speech translation have recently made great progress but little work has combined these tasks together. We investigate how to adapt simultaneous text translation methods such as wait-k and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Xutai Ma , Juan Pino , Philipp Koehn

In simultaneous translation (SimulMT), the most widely used strategy is the wait-k policy thanks to its simplicity and effectiveness in balancing translation quality and latency. However, wait-k suffers from two major limitations: (a) it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Guangxu Xun , Mingbo Ma , Yuchen Bian , Xingyu Cai , Jiaji Huang , Renjie Zheng , Junkun Chen , Jiahong Yuan , Kenneth Church , Liang Huang

Automatic Lyrics Transcription (ALT) aims to recognize lyrics from singing voices, similar to Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) for spoken language, but faces added complexity due to domain-specific properties of the singing voice. While…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-04 Jiawen Huang , Felipe Sousa , Emir Demirel , Emmanouil Benetos , Igor Gadelha

Simultaneous translation is a task in which translation begins before the speaker has finished speaking. In its evaluation, we have to consider the latency of the translation in addition to the quality. The latency is preferably as small as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Yasumasa Kano , Katsuhito Sudoh , Satoshi Nakamura

Simultaneous machine translation (SimulMT) speeds up the translation process by starting to translate before the source sentence is completely available. It is difficult due to limited context and word order difference between languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Chih-Chiang Chang , Shun-Po Chuang , Hung-yi Lee

Simultaneous machine translation (SMT) takes streaming input utterances and incrementally produces target text. Existing SMT methods mainly use the partial utterance that has already arrived at the input and the generated hypothesis.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Siqi Ouyang , Oleksii Hrinchuk , Zhehuai Chen , Vitaly Lavrukhin , Jagadeesh Balam , Lei Li , Boris Ginsburg

The field of Natural Language Generation (NLG) suffers from a severe shortage of labeled data due to the extremely expensive and time-consuming process involved in manual annotation. A natural approach for coping with this problem is active…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Yotam Perlitz , Ariel Gera , Michal Shmueli-Scheuer , Dafna Sheinwald , Noam Slonim , Liat Ein-Dor

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a pivotal method for expanding the knowledge of large language models. To handle complex queries more effectively, researchers developed Adaptive-RAG (A-RAG) to enhance the generated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jie Ou , Jinyu Guo , Shuaihong Jiang , Zhaokun Wang , Libo Qin , Shunyu Yao , Wenhong Tian

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a dominant paradigm for training large language models (LLMs), particularly for reasoning tasks. Effective RL for LLMs requires massive parallelization and poses an urgent need for efficient training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Wei Fu , Jiaxuan Gao , Xujie Shen , Chen Zhu , Zhiyu Mei , Chuyi He , Shusheng Xu , Guo Wei , Jun Mei , Jiashu Wang , Tongkai Yang , Binhang Yuan , Yi Wu

Simultaneous speech-to-text translation (SimulST) translates source-language speech into target-language text concurrently with the speaker's speech, ensuring low latency for better user comprehension. Despite its intended application to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Sara Papi , Peter Polak , Ondřej Bojar , Dominik Macháček

User studies have shown that reducing the latency of our simultaneous lecture translation system should be the most important goal. We therefore have worked on several techniques for reducing the latency for both components, the automatic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-24 Thai Son Nguyen , Jan Niehues , Eunah Cho , Thanh-Le Ha , Kevin Kilgour , Markus Muller , Matthias Sperber , Sebastian Stueker , Alex Waibel
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