Related papers: $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topologically ordered phases on a s…
We propose and study a generalization of Kitaev's $\mathbb Z_2$ toric code on a square lattice with an additional global $U(1)$ symmetry. Using Quantum Monte Carlo simulation, we find strong evidence for a topologically ordered ground state…
We demonstrate that two toric code layers on the square lattice coupled by an Ising interaction display two distinct phases with intrinsic topological order. The second-order quantum phase transition between the weakly-coupled…
Topologically ordered phases in $2+1$ dimensions are generally characterized by three mutually-related features: fractionalized (anyonic) excitations, topological entanglement entropy, and robust ground state degeneracy that does not…
Distinguishing different topologically ordered phases and characterizing phase transitions between them is a difficult task due to the absence of local order parameters. In this paper, we use a combination of analytical and numerical…
Recently, higher-order topological phases have been extended from Euclidean lattices to non-Euclidean hyperbolic lattices. Though higher-order topological type-I hyperbolic lattices have been extensively studied, their counterpart,…
Kitaev's toric code is an exactly solvable model with $\mathbb{Z}_2$-topological order, which has potential applications in quantum computation and error correction. However, a direct experimental realization remains an open challenge.…
Motivated by recent interests in fracton topological phases, we explore the interplay between gapped 2D $\mathbb{Z}_N$ topological phases which admit fractional excitations with restricted mobility and geometry of the lattice on which such…
A hyperbolic lattice allows for any $p$-fold rotational symmetry, in stark contrast to a two-dimensional crystalline material, where only twofold, threefold, fourfold or sixfold rotational symmetry is permitted. This unique feature…
Higher-order topological phase as a generalization of Berry phase attracts an enormous amount of research. The current theoretical models supporting higher-order topological phases, however, cannot give the connection between lower and…
In this work, we will show how the topological order of the Toric Code appears when the lattice on which it is defined discretizes a three-dimensional torus. In order to do this, we will present a pedagogical review of the traditional…
Some topological lattice models in two spatial dimensions exhibit intricate lattice size dependence in their ground state degeneracy (GSD). This and other features such as the position-dependent anyonic excitations are manifestations of…
A hallmark feature of topologically ordered states of matter is the dependence of ground state degeneracy (GSD) on the topology of the manifold determined by the global shape of the system. Although the topology of a physical system is…
The physical realization of $\mathbb Z_2$ topological order as encountered in the paradigmatic toric code has proven to be an elusive goal. We predict that this phase of matter can be realized in a two-dimensional array of Rydberg atoms…
The Kitaev surface-code model is the most studied example of a topologically ordered phase and typically involves four-spin interactions on a two-dimensional surface. A universal signature of this phase is topological entanglement entropy…
The Z_2 topological order in Z_2 spin liquid and in exactly soluble Kitaev toric code model is the simplest topological order for 2+1D bosonic systems. More general 2+1D bosonic topologically ordered states can be constructed via exact…
The entanglement properties of a class of topological stabilizer states, the so called \emph{topological color codes} defined on a two-dimensional lattice or \emph{2-colex}, are calculated. The topological entropy is used to measure the…
We propose a class of pure states of two-dimensional lattice systems realizing topological order associated with unitary rational vertex operator algebras. We show that the states are well-defined in the thermodynamic limit and have…
Although the topological order is known as a quantum order in quantum many-body systems, it seems that there is not a one-to-one correspondence between topological phases and quantum phases. As a well-known example, it has been shown that…
There are indications from the large-N analysis that multi-channel Kondo lattices have topological order. We use the coupled-wire construction to study the channel paramagnetic regime of a two-channel Kondo lattice model of spin-1/2 SU(2)…
We analyze the toric code model in the presence of quenched disorder, which is introduced via different types of random magnetic fields. In general, close to a quantum phase transition between a spin polarized phase and a topologically…