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We study a two-dimensional spin model obtained by "Higgsing" the rank-2 U(1) lattice gauge theory (LGT) with scalar or vector charges on the L_x * L_y square lattice under the periodic boundary condition (PBC). There are p degrees of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-02-02 Yun-Tak Oh , Jintae Kim , Eun-Gook Moon , Jung Hoon Han

In this work, we explore a microscopic realization of three types of anyonic symmetries in a $\mathbb{Z}_2\times\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological order, corresponding to a double toric code. These symmetries act as nontrivial permutations on the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-05-05 Gustavo M. Yoshitome

We study models with fracton-like order based on $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theories with subsystem symmetries in $d=2$ and $d=3$ spatial dimensions. The $3d$ model reduces to the $3$-dimensional Toric Code when subsystem symmetry is…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-07-08 J. P. Ibieta-Jimenez , L. N. Queiroz Xavier , M. Petrucci , P. Teotonio-Sobrinho

We study topological order in a toric code in three spatial dimensions, or a 3+1D Z_2 gauge theory, at finite temperature. We compute exactly the topological entropy of the system, and show that it drops, for any infinitesimal temperature,…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2008-10-22 Claudio Castelnovo , Claudio Chamon

We study coupled maps on a Cayley tree, with local (nearest-neighbor) interactions, and with a variety of boundary conditions. The homogeneous state (where every lattice site has the same value) and the node-synchronized state (where sites…

patt-sol · Physics 2009-10-28 Prashant M. Gade , Hilda A. Cerdeira , R. Ramaswamy

The phase structure of 2-dimensional topological insulators under a sufficiently strong electron-electron interaction is investigated. The effective theory is constructed by extending the idea of the Kane-Mele model on the graphenelike…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2013-06-05 Yasufumi Araki , Taro Kimura

Using quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we map out the phase diagram of Hamiltonians interpolating between trivial and non-trivial bosonic symmetry-protected topological phases, protected by $\mathbb{Z}_2$ and $\mathbb{Z}_2^3$ symmetries, in…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-05-04 Maxime Dupont , Snir Gazit , Thomas Scaffidi

A characterization of topological order in terms of bi-partite entanglement was proposed recently [A. Kitaev and J. Preskill, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 110404 (2006); M. Levin and X.-G. Wen, ibid, 110405]. It was argued that in a topological…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2011-11-09 Shunsuke Furukawa , Gregoire Misguich

We consider hard-core bosons on the kagome lattice in the presence of short range repulsive interactions and focus particularly on the filling factor 1/3. In the strongly interacting limit, the low energy excitations can be described by the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-02-21 Krishanu Roychowdhury , Subhro Bhattacharjee , Frank Pollmann

We challenge the hypothesis that the ground states of a physical system whose degeneracy depends on topology must necessarily realize topological quantum order and display non-local entanglement. To this end, we introduce and study a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-05-20 Mohammad-Sadegh Vaezi , Gerardo Ortiz , Zohar Nussinov

We introduce a construction of symmetry-enriched topological orders on bipartite lattices in which two $\mathbb{Z}_2$ spin liquids defined on each sublattice are combined, and then anyons are condensed to reduce the topological order. By…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-12-19 Jong Yeon Lee , Ari Turner , Ashvin Vishwanath

Type-II hyperbolic lattices constitute a new class of hyperbolic structures that are projected onto the Poincar\'{e} ring and possess both an inner and an outer boundary. In this work, we reveal the higher-order topological phases in…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Zheng-Rong Liu , Tan Peng , Xiang Liu , Xiao-Xia Yi , Chun-Bo Hua , Rui Chen , Bin Zhou

We study the phase diagrams of a family of 3D "Walker-Wang" type lattice models, which are not topologically ordered but have deconfined anyonic excitations confined to their surfaces. We add a perturbation (analogous to that which drives…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2013-12-25 F. J. Burnell , C. W. von Keyserlingk , S. H. Simon

The color code model is a crucial instance of a Calderbank--Shor--Steane (CSS)-type topological quantum error-correcting code, which notably supports transversal implementation of the full Clifford group. Its robustness against local noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Shiyu Cao , Zhian Jia , Sheng Tan

We introduce a two-body quantum Hamiltonian model with spins-$\half$ located on the vertices of a 2D spatial lattice. The model exhibits an exact topological degeneracy in all coupling regimes. This is a remarkable non-perturbative effect.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-01-07 H. Bombin , M. Kargarian , M. A. Martin-Delgado

We study the robustness of a generalized Kitaev's toric code with Z_N degrees of freedom in the presence of local perturbations. For N=2, this model reduces to the conventional toric code in a uniform magnetic field. A quantitative analysis…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-03-07 M. D. Schulz , S. Dusuel , R. Orus , J. Vidal , K. P. Schmidt

"Topological ordered" phases such as gapped quantum spin-liquids and fractional quantum Hall states possess ground state degeneracy on a torus. We show that the topological nature of this degeneracy has interesting consequences for the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2011-12-13 Tarun Grover

Topological phase transitions beyond anyon condensation remain poorly understood. A notable example is the transition between the toric code (TC) and double semion (DS) phases, which has two distinct $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological orders in (2…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-12-16 Qi Zhang , Wen-Tao Xu

Topological color codes are among the stabilizer codes with remarkable properties from quantum information perspective. In this paper we construct a four-valent lattice, the so called ruby lattice, governed by a 2-body Hamiltonian. In a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-05-13 M. Kargarian , H. Bombin , M. A. Martin-Delgado

We present numerical results for the phase diagram of lattice QCD at finite temperature in the formulation with twisted mass Wilson fermions and a tree-level Symanzik-improved gauge action. Our simulations are performed on lattices with…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2010-04-14 E. -M. Ilgenfritz , K. Jansen , M. P. Lombardo , M. Müller-Preußker , M. Petschlies , O. Philipsen , L. Zeidlewicz