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NLP-powered automatic question generation (QG) techniques carry great pedagogical potential of saving educators' time and benefiting student learning. Yet, QG systems have not been widely adopted in classrooms to date. In this work, we aim…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Xu Wang , Simin Fan , Jessica Houghton , Lu Wang

The ubiquitous nature of chatbots and their interaction with users generate an enormous amount of data. Can we improve chatbots using this data? A self-feeding chatbot improves itself by asking natural language feedback when a user is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Makesh Narsimhan Sreedhar , Kun Ni , Siva Reddy

Automatically generating feedback via large language models (LLMs) in intelligent tutoring systems and online learning platforms has the potential to improve the learning outcomes of many students. However, both feedback generation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Alexander Scarlatos , Digory Smith , Simon Woodhead , Andrew Lan

The interdisciplinary research domain of Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) has a long history of developing Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) by integrating insights from technological advancements, educational theories, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Kaushal Kumar Maurya , Ekaterina Kochmar

As the recent Large Language Models(LLM's) become increasingly competent in zero-shot and few-shot reasoning across various domains, educators are showing a growing interest in leveraging these LLM's in conversation-based tutoring systems.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Minju Park , Sojung Kim , Seunghyun Lee , Soonwoo Kwon , Kyuseok Kim

In conversation, speakers produce language incrementally, word by word, while continuously monitoring the appropriateness of their own contribution in the dynamically unfolding context of the conversation; and this often leads them to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Arash Eshghi , Arash Ashrafzadeh

This study investigates the use of generative AI and multi-agent systems to provide automatic feedback in educational contexts, particularly for student constructed responses in science assessments. The research addresses a key gap in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Shuchen Guo , Ehsan Latif , Yifan Zhou , Xuan Huang , Xiaoming Zhai

High-quality computer science education is limited by the difficulty of providing instructor feedback to students at scale. While this feedback could in principle be automated, supervised approaches to predicting the correct feedback are…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Mike Wu , Noah Goodman , Chris Piech , Chelsea Finn

Research suggests that providing specific and timely feedback to human tutors enhances their performance. However, it presents challenges due to the time-consuming nature of assessing tutor performance by human evaluators. Large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Dollaya Hirunyasiri , Danielle R. Thomas , Jionghao Lin , Kenneth R. Koedinger , Vincent Aleven

Since the advent of GPT-3.5 in 2022, Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) has shown tremendous potential in STEM education, particularly in providing real-time, customized feedback to students in large-enrollment courses. A crucial skill…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-09-11 Amogh Sirnoorkar , N. Sanjay Rebello

Millions of learners worldwide are now using intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs). At their core, ITSs rely on machine learning algorithms to track each user's changing performance level over time to provide personalized instruction.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Robin Schmucker , Tom M. Mitchell

Providing feedback on programming assignments manually is a tedious, error prone, and time-consuming task. In this paper, we motivate and address the problem of generating feedback on performance aspects in introductory programming…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2014-09-18 Sumit Gulwani , Ivan Radiček , Florian Zuleger

Students in introductory physics courses often rely on ineffective strategies, focusing on final answers rather than understanding underlying principles. Integrating scientific argumentation into problem-solving fosters critical thinking…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-08-21 Winter Allen , Anand Shanker , N. Sanjay Rebello

Adapting one's thought process based on corrective feedback is an essential ability in human learning, particularly in collaborative settings. In contrast, the current large language model training paradigm relies heavily on modeling vast,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Martin Klissarov , Jonathan Cook , Diego Antognini , Hao Sun , Jingling Li , Natasha Jaques , Claudiu Musat , Edward Grefenstette

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate feedback, yet their impact on learning remains underexplored, especially compared to existing feedback methods. This study investigates how on-demand LLM-generated explanatory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Danielle R. Thomas , Conrad Borchers , Shambhavi Bhushan , Erin Gatz , Shivang Gupta , Kenneth R. Koedinger

Despite growing interest in using LLMs to generate feedback on students' writing, little is known about how students respond to AI-mediated versus human-provided feedback. We address this gap through a randomized controlled trial in a large…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Xinyi Lu , Kexin Phyllis Ju , Mitchell Dudley , Larissa Sano , Xu Wang

Conversational query rewriting aims to reformulate a concise conversational query to a fully specified, context-independent query that can be effectively handled by existing information retrieval systems. This paper presents a few-shot…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Shi Yu , Jiahua Liu , Jingqin Yang , Chenyan Xiong , Paul Bennett , Jianfeng Gao , Zhiyuan Liu

Large Language Models possess skills such as answering questions, writing essays or solving programming exercises. Since these models are easily accessible, researchers have investigated their capabilities and risks for programming…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Lianne Roest , Hieke Keuning , Johan Jeuring

This research prepares an automatic pipeline for generating reliable question-answer (Q&A) tests using AI chatbots. We automatically generated a GPT-4o-mini-based Q&A test for a Natural Language Processing course and evaluated its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Anna Wróblewska , Bartosz Grabek , Jakub Świstak , Daniel Dan

While pre-trained language models have obtained state-of-the-art performance for several natural language understanding tasks, they are quite opaque in terms of their decision-making process. While some recent works focus on rationalizing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Meghana Moorthy Bhat , Alessandro Sordoni , Subhabrata Mukherjee