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A matchstick graph is a plane graph with edges drawn as unit-distance line segments. Harborth introduced these graphs in 1981 and conjectured that the maximum number of edges for a matchstick graph on $n$ vertices is $\lfloor…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-16 Jérémy Lavollée , Konrad Swanepoel

A matchstick graph is a planar unit-distance graph. We call it \emph{4-regular} if every vertex has degree 4. While examples of 4-regular matchstick graphs with fewer than 63 vertices are known only for $n \in \{52, 54, 57, 60\}$, we prove…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-09 Mike Winkler , Peter Dinkelacker , Stefan Vogel

A graph G=(V,E) is called a unit-distance graph in the plane if there is an injective embedding of V in the plane such that every pair of adjacent vertices are at unit distance apart. If additionally the corresponding edges are non-crossing…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-03 Sascha Kurz , Rom Pinchasi

A graph $G=(V,E)$ is called a unit-distance graph in the plane if there is an injective embedding of $V$ in the plane such that every pair of adjacent vertices are at unit distance apart. If additionally the corresponding edges are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-01-09 Sascha Kurz

A matchstick graph is a plane graph with edges drawn as unit distance line segments. This class of graphs was introduced by Harborth who conjectured that a matchstick graph on $n$ vertices can have at most $\lfloor 3n - \sqrt{12n -…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-04 Panna Gehér , Géza Tóth

A matchstick graph is a graph drawn with straight edges in the plane such that the edges have unit length, and non-adjacent edges do not intersect. We call a matchstick graph ($m;n)$-regular if every vertex has only degree $m$ or $n$. In…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2018-05-02 Mike Winkler , Peter Dinkelacker , Stefan Vogel

A graph whose vertices are points in the plane and whose edges are noncrossing straight-line segments of unit length is called a \emph{matchstick graph}. We prove two somewhat counterintuitive results concerning the maximum number of edges…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-03 Panna Gehér , János Pach , Konrad Swanepoel , Géza Tóth

A 4-regular matchstick graph is a planar unit-distance graph whose vertices have all degree 4. Examples of 4-regular matchstick graphs are currently known for all number of vertices $\geq$ 52 except for 53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 61, and 62. In…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2020-10-14 Mike Winkler

A matchstick graph is a graph drawn with straight edges in the plane such that the edges have unit length, and non-adjacent edges do not intersect. We call a matchstick graph $(m;n)$-regular if every vertex has only degree $m$ or $n$. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-03 Mike Winkler , Peter Dinkelacker , Stefan Vogel

A connected graph $G$ with at least two vertices is matching covered if each of its edges lies in a perfect matching. A matching covered graph is minimal if the removal of any edge results in a graph that is no longer matching covered. An…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-02 Xiaoling He , Fuliang Lu , Heping Zhang

In 2010 it was proved that a 3-regular matchstick graph of girth 5 must consist at least of 30 vertices. The smallest known example consisted of 180 vertices. In this article we construct an example consisting of 54 vertices and prove its…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-09 Mike Winkler , Peter Dinkelacker , Stefan Vogel

A matching of a graph is a set of edges without common end vertex. A graph is called 1-planar if it admits a drawing in the plane such that each edge is crossed at most once. Recently, Biedl and Wittnebel proved that every 1-planar graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-11 Yuanqiu Huang , Zhangdong Ouyang , Fengming Dong

A matching is a set of edges without common endpoint. It was recently shown that every 1-planar graph (i.e., a graph that can be drawn in the plane with at most one crossing per edge) that has minimum degree 3 has a matching of size at…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2020-03-19 Therese Biedl , Fabian Klute

In 1979, Nishizeki and Baybars showed that every planar graph with minimum degree 3 has a matching of size $\frac{n}{3}+c$ (where the constant $c$ depends on the connectivity), and even better bounds hold for planar graphs with minimum…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Therese Biedl , John Wittnebel

We show that a matchstick graph with $n$ vertices has no more than $3n-c\sqrt{n-1/4}$ edges, where $c=\frac12(\sqrt{12} + \sqrt{2\pi\sqrt{3}})$. The main tools in the proof are the Euler formula, the isoperimetric inequality, and an upper…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-18 Jérémy Lavollée , Konrad J. Swanepoel

We determine the minimum degree sum of two adjacent vertices that ensures a perfect matching in a 3-graph without isolated vertex. More precisely, suppose that $H$ is a 3-uniform hypergraph whose order $n$ is sufficiently large and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-16 Yi Zhang , Yi Zhao , Mei Lu

A graph is 1-planar if it can be drawn in the plane so that each edge is crossed by at most one another edge. In this work we prove that each 1-planar graph of minimum degree at least $3$ contains an edge with degrees of its endvertices of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-17 Bei Niu , Xin Zhang

The study of asymptotic minimum degree thresholds that force matchings and tilings in hypergraphs is a lively area of research in combinatorics. A key breakthrough in this area was a result of H\`{a}n, Person and Schacht who proved that the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-01 Candida Bowtell , Joseph Hyde

The first part (page 1 - 7) of this article presents the currently known examples of 4-regular matchstick graphs with 63 - 70 vertices. The second part (page 8 - 15) presents the currently known examples of $(2;4)$-regular matchstick graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-14 Mike Winkler

Given a digraph, an ordering of its vertices defines a backedge graph, namely the undirected graph whose edges correspond to the arcs pointing backwards with respect to the order. The degreewidth of a digraph is the minimum over all…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-15 Pierre Aboulker , Nacim Oijid , Robin Petit , Mathis Rocton , Christopher-Lloyd Simon
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