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We develop a formalism, based on spinor-helicity techniques, to generalize the formulation of partial wave unitarity bounds. We discuss unitarity bounds for $N \to M$ (with $N,M \geq 2$) scattering processes -- relevant for high-energy…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-26 Luigi C. Bresciani , Gabriele Levati , Paride Paradisi

We study two-to-two scattering amplitudes of a scalar particle of mass $m$. For simplicity, we assume the presence of $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry and that the particle is $\mathbb{Z}_2$ odd. We consider two classes of amplitudes: the fully…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-01-04 Hongbin Chen , A. Liam Fitzpatrick , Denis Karateev

We present a comprehensive reassessment of perturbative unitarity bounds in the dimension-six Standard Model Effective Field Theory, exploiting a new formalism based on spinor-helicity techniques to derive partial-wave unitarity bounds for…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-03-05 Luigi C. Bresciani , Paride Paradisi , Andrea Sainaghi

We find the complete set of conditions satisfied by the forward $2\to2$ scattering amplitude in unitarity and causal theories. These are based on an infinite set of energy dependent quantities -- the arcs -- which are dispersively expressed…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-10-12 Brando Bellazzini , Joan Elias Miró , Riccardo Rattazzi , Marc Riembau , Francesco Riva

We study interacting scalar field theories in which different fields propagate with inequivalent spatial kinetic tensors, corresponding to different sound speeds in different directions. We derive the exact elastic two-body unitarity…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-15 Dmitry S. Ageev , Yulia A. Ageeva

We bound EFT coefficients appearing in $2 \to 2$ photon scattering amplitudes in four dimensions. After reviewing unitarity and positivity conditions in this context, we use dispersion relations and crossing symmetry to compute sum rules…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-09-27 Johan Henriksson , Brian McPeak , Francesco Russo , Alessandro Vichi

We derive the complete set of partial wave unitarity bounds on the most general Axion-Like Particle (ALP) effective interactions up to dimension 8 in the limit of large center-of-mass energy. Exploiting a recently developed formalism based…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-10-17 Luigi C. Bresciani , Gabriele Levati , Paride Paradisi

The decomposition of a one-loop scattering amplitude into elementary functions with rational coefficients introduces spurious singularities which afflict individual coefficients but cancel in the complete amplitude. These cancellations…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-05-29 David C. Dunbar , James H. Ettle , Warren B. Perkins

Formulas are derived for solutions of many-body wave scattering problems by small particles in the case of acoustically soft, hard, and impedance particles embedded in an inhomogeneous medium. The limiting case is considered, when the size…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-05-10 Alexander G. Ramm

We study the impact of full unitarity on the moment structure of forward scattering amplitudes. We introduce the semiarcs, calculable quantities in the EFT dispersively related to both real and imaginary parts of the UV amplitude for a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-01-02 Marc Riembau

We show that the squared speed of sound v_{s}^{2} is bounded from above at high temperatures by the conformal value of 1/3 in a class of strongly coupled four-dimensional field theories, given some mild technical assumptions. This class…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-09-24 Aleksey Cherman , Thomas D. Cohen , Abhinav Nellore

From the low-energy effective theory of dilatons, consistent with the scale anomaly, we calculate the $2\to2$ scattering amplitudes of dilatons. We find that the one-loop amplitude violates the unitarity bound as the scattering energy…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-10-26 Deog Ki Hong , Gyurin Kim , Jun Beom Park

We study the three-particle and four-particle scattering amplitudes for an arbitrary, finite number of massive scalars, spinors and vectors by employing the on-shell massive spinor formalism. We consider the most general three-particle…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-12-02 Da Liu , Zhewei Yin

We study bounds arising from the analyticity and unitarity of scattering amplitudes in the context of effective field theories with massless particles. We provide an approach that only uses dispersion relations away from the forward limit.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-10 Carl Beadle , Giulia Isabella , Davide Perrone , Sara Ricossa , Francesco Riva , Francesco Serra

Unitarity is the fundamental property of the S-matrix while its usage for a scattering of unstable particles has been subtle as unstable particles do not appear in the asymptotic states. Defining unstable-particle amplitudes as residues of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-04-05 Katsuki Aoki

Physical principles such as unitarity, causality, and locality can constrain the space of consistent effective field theories (EFTs) by imposing two-sided bounds on the allowed values of Wilson coefficients. In this paper, we consider the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-03-20 Mariana Carrillo Gonzalez , Claudia de Rham , Victor Pozsgay , Andrew J. Tolley

We study constraints from causality and unitarity on $2\to2$ graviton scattering in four-dimensional weakly-coupled effective field theories. Together, causality and unitarity imply dispersion relations that connect low-energy observables…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-06-07 Simon Caron-Huot , Yue-Zhou Li , Julio Parra-Martinez , David Simmons-Duffin

Implications of general properties of quantum field theory, such as causality, unitarity, and locality include constraints on the couplings of the effective field theory (EFT) coefficients. These constraints follow from the connections…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-06-17 Guangzhuo Peng , Long-Qi Shao , Anna Tokareva , Yongjun Xu

Scale invariance (SI) can in principle be realized in the elastic response of solid materials. There are two basic options: that SI is a manifest symmetry or that it is spontaneously broken. The manifest case corresponds physically to the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-04-08 Matteo Baggioli , Victor Cancer Castillo , Oriol Pujolas

We investigate the speed of sound in $(d+1)$-dimensional field theory by studying its dual $(d+2)$-dimensional gravity theory from gauge/gravity correspondence. Instead of the well known conformal limit $c_s^2 \rightarrow 1/d$ at high…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-06-20 Yi Yang , Pei-Hung Yuan
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