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Distribution shifts, where statistical properties differ between training and test datasets, present a significant challenge in real-world machine learning applications where they directly impact model generalization and robustness. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Vegard Flovik

The prediction reliability of neural networks is important in many applications. Specifically, in safety-critical domains, such as cancer prediction or autonomous driving, a reliable confidence of model's prediction is critical for the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Byeongmoon Ji , Hyemin Jung , Jihyeun Yoon , Kyungyul Kim , Younghak Shin

Trustworthy deployment of ML models requires a proper measure of uncertainty, especially in safety-critical applications. We focus on uncertainty quantification (UQ) for classification problems via two avenues -- prediction sets using…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-08 Aleksandr Podkopaev , Aaditya Ramdas

In recent years, machine learning has witnessed extensive adoption across various sectors, yet its application in medical image-based disease detection and diagnosis remains challenging due to distribution shifts in real-world data. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Masoumeh Javanbakhat , Md Tasnimul Hasan , Cristoph Lippert

Based on existing ideas in the field of imprecise probabilities, we present a new approach for assessing the reliability of the individual predictions of a generative probabilistic classifier. We call this approach robustness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Adrián Detavernier , Jasper De Bock

We introduce a novel approach for calibrating uncertainty quantification (UQ) tailored for multi-modal large language models (LLMs). Existing state-of-the-art UQ methods rely on consistency among multiple responses generated by the LLM on…

In system analysis and design optimization, multiple computational models are typically available to represent a given physical system. These models can be broadly classified as high-fidelity models, which provide highly accurate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Ruda Zhang , Negin Alemazkoor

Calibration and uncertainty estimation are crucial topics in high-risk environments. We introduce a new diversity regularizer for classification tasks that uses out-of-distribution samples and increases the overall accuracy, calibration and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Hendrik Alexander Mehrtens , Camila González , Anirban Mukhopadhyay

The proliferation of Deep Neural Networks has resulted in machine learning systems becoming increasingly more present in various real-world applications. Consequently, there is a growing demand for highly reliable models in many domains,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Pedro Conde , Rui L. Lopes , Cristiano Premebida

When facing uncertainty, decision-makers want predictions they can trust. A machine learning provider can convey confidence to decision-makers by guaranteeing their predictions are distribution calibrated -- amongst the inputs that receive…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-14 Shengjia Zhao , Michael P. Kim , Roshni Sahoo , Tengyu Ma , Stefano Ermon

Although deep neural networks yield high classification accuracy given sufficient training data, their predictions are typically overconfident or under-confident, i.e., the prediction confidences cannot truly reflect the accuracy. Post-hoc…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Jiexin Wang , Jiahao Chen , Bing Su

Modern deep neural networks can achieve high accuracy when the training distribution and test distribution are identically distributed, but this assumption is frequently violated in practice. When the train and test distributions are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-18 Dan Hendrycks , Norman Mu , Ekin D. Cubuk , Barret Zoph , Justin Gilmer , Balaji Lakshminarayanan

Rigorous statistical methods, including parameter estimation with accompanying uncertainties, underpin the validity of scientific discovery, especially in the natural sciences. With increasingly complex data models such as deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Aurora Grefsrud , Nello Blaser , Trygve Buanes

Machine learning models are typically deployed in a test setting that differs from the training setting, potentially leading to decreased model performance because of domain shift. If we could estimate the performance that a pre-trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Zeju Li , Konstantinos Kamnitsas , Mobarakol Islam , Chen Chen , Ben Glocker

Conformal prediction is a distribution-free uncertainty quantification method that has gained popularity in the machine learning community due to its finite-sample guarantees and ease of use. Its most common variant, dubbed split conformal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Alvaro H. C. Correia , Christos Louizos

Modern image classifiers are very accurate, but the predictions come without uncertainty estimates. Conformal predictors provide uncertainty estimates by computing a set of classes containing the correct class with a user-specified…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Fatih Furkan Yilmaz , Reinhard Heckel

Calibration ensures that probabilistic forecasts meaningfully capture uncertainty by requiring that predicted probabilities align with empirical frequencies. However, many existing calibration methods are specialized for post-hoc…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Charles Marx , Sofian Zalouk , Stefano Ermon

Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) is a statistical learning problem when the distribution of training (source) data is different from that of test (target) data. In this setting, one has access to labeled data only from the source domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Seonghwi Kim , Sung Ho Jo , Wooseok Ha , Minwoo Chae

Unsupervised domain adaptation methods seek to generalize effectively on unlabeled test data, especially when encountering the common challenge in time series data that distribution shifts occur between training and testing datasets. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Weide Liu , Xiaoyang Zhong , Lu Wang , Jingwen Hou , Yuemei Luo , Jiebin Yan , Yuming Fang

Anomaly detection plays a crucial role in quality control for industrial applications. However, ensuring robustness under unseen domain shifts such as lighting variations or sensor drift remains a significant challenge. Existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Jingyi Liao , Xun Xu , Yongyi Su , Rong-Cheng Tu , Yifan Liu , Dacheng Tao , Xulei Yang