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Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been predominant for graph learning tasks; however, recent studies showed that a well-known graph algorithm, Label Propagation (LP), combined with a shallow neural network can achieve comparable performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Zhiqiang Zhong , Sergey Ivanov , Jun Pang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) often assume strong homophily for graph classification, seldom considering heterophily, which means connected nodes tend to have different class labels and dissimilar features. In real-world scenarios, graphs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Jiayi Yang , Sourav Medya , Wei Ye

With the rapid development of the World Wide Web (WWW), heterogeneous graphs (HG) have explosive growth. Recently, heterogeneous graph neural network (HGNN) has shown great potential in learning on HG. Current studies of HGNN mainly focus…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Jiayan Guo , Lun Du , Wendong Bi , Qiang Fu , Xiaojun Ma , Xu Chen , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang , Yan Zhang

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) have been widely applied in various fields due to their significant power on processing graph-structured data. Typical GCN and its variants work under a homophily assumption (i.e., nodes with same class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Tao Wang , Rui Wang , Di Jin , Dongxiao He , Yuxiao Huang

In many important graph data processing applications the acquired information includes both node features and observations of the graph topology. Graph neural networks (GNNs) are designed to exploit both sources of evidence but they do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Eli Chien , Jianhao Peng , Pan Li , Olgica Milenkovic

Graph neural networks (GNNs) achieve strong performance on homophilic graphs but often struggle under heterophily, where adjacent nodes frequently belong to different classes. We propose an interpretable and adaptive framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Soroush Vahidi

Spectral Graph Neural Networks (SGNNs) have achieved remarkable performance in tasks such as node classification due to their ability to learn flexible filters. Typically, these filters are learned under the supervision of downstream tasks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Kangkang Lu , Yanhua Yu , Zhiyong Huang , Tat-Seng Chua

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have proven to be useful for many different practical applications. However, many existing GNN models have implicitly assumed homophily among the nodes connected in the graph, and therefore have largely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Jiong Zhu , Ryan A. Rossi , Anup Rao , Tung Mai , Nedim Lipka , Nesreen K. Ahmed , Danai Koutra

Homophily principle, \ie{} nodes with the same labels or similar attributes are more likely to be connected, has been commonly believed to be the main reason for the superiority of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) over traditional Neural…

Under circumstances of heterophily, where nodes with different labels tend to be connected based on semantic meanings, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) often exhibit suboptimal performance. Current studies on graph heterophily mainly focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Yilun Zheng , Jiahao Xu , Lihui Chen

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated significant success in learning from graph-structured data but often struggle on heterophilous graphs, where connected nodes differ in features or class labels. This limitation arises from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zhongtian Sun , Anoushka Harit , Alexandra Cristea , Christl A. Donnelly , Pietro Liò

Recent years have witnessed fast developments of graph neural networks (GNNs) that have benefited myriad graph analytic tasks and applications. Most GNNs rely on the homophily assumption that nodes belonging to the same class are more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xin Zheng , Yi Wang , Yixin Liu , Ming Li , Miao Zhang , Di Jin , Philip S. Yu , Shirui Pan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are well-suited for learning on homophilous graphs, i.e., graphs in which edges tend to connect nodes of the same type. Yet, achievement of consistent GNN performance on heterophilous graphs remains an open…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Andrea Cavallo , Claas Grohnfeldt , Michele Russo , Giulio Lovisotto , Luca Vassio

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved remarkable performance in modeling graphs for various applications. However, most existing GNNs assume the graphs exhibit strong homophily in node labels, i.e., nodes with similar labels are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Enyan Dai , Shijie Zhou , Zhimeng Guo , Suhang Wang

In representation learning on the graph-structured data, under heterophily (or low homophily), many popular GNNs may fail to capture long-range dependencies, which leads to their performance degradation. To solve the above-mentioned issue,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Mengying Jiang , Guizhong Liu , Yuanchao Su , Xinliang Wu

Due to the homophily assumption in graph convolution networks (GNNs), a common consensus in the graph node classification task is that GNNs perform well on homophilic graphs but may fail on heterophilic graphs with many inter-class edges.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Jie Chen , Shouzhen Chen , Junbin Gao , Zengfeng Huang , Junping Zhang , Jian Pu

Over the past decade, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved great success on machine learning tasks with relational data. However, recent studies have found that heterophily can cause significant performance degradation of GNNs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Sitao Luan , Qincheng Lu , Chenqing Hua , Xinyu Wang , Jiaqi Zhu , Xiao-Wen Chang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) show strong expressive power on graph data mining, by aggregating information from neighbors and using the integrated representation in the downstream tasks. The same aggregation methods and parameters for each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Xiaojun Ma , Qin Chen , Yuanyi Ren , Guojie Song , Liang Wang

Graph Neural Network (GNN) research has highlighted a relationship between high homophily (i.e., the tendency of nodes of the same class to connect) and strong predictive performance in node classification. However, recent work has found…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Donald Loveland , Jiong Zhu , Mark Heimann , Benjamin Fish , Michael T. Schaub , Danai Koutra

Multi-view clustering is an important machine learning task for multi-media data, encompassing various domains such as images, videos, and texts. Moreover, with the growing abundance of graph data, the significance of multi-view graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Zichen Wen , Tianyi Wu , Yazhou Ren , Yawen Ling , Chenhang Cui , Xiaorong Pu , Lifang He