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We propose an iterative algorithm that computes the maximum-likelihood estimate in quantum state tomography. The optimization error of the algorithm converges to zero at an $O ( ( 1 / k ) \log D )$ rate, where $k$ denotes the number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-05 Chien-Ming Lin , Hao-Chung Cheng , Yen-Huan Li

We consider realistic measurement systems, where measurements are accompanied by decoherence processes. The aim of this work is the construction of methods and algorithms for precise quantum measurements with fidelity close to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-10 Yu. I. Bogdanov , B. I. Bantysh , N. A. Bogdanova , A. B. Kvasnyy , V. F. Lukichev

Quantum process tomography is a necessary tool for verifying quantum gates and diagnosing faults in architectures and gate design. We show that the standard approach of process tomography is grossly inaccurate in the case where the states…

Quantum operations describe any state change allowed in quantum mechanics, including the evolution of an open system or the state change due to a measurement. In this letter we present a general method based on quantum tomography for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 G. M. D'Ariano , P. Lo Presti

In this article we propose a new approach to quantum measurement in reference to the stroboscopic tomography. Generally, in the stroboscopic approach it is assumed that the information about the quantum system is encoded in the mean values…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-30 Artur Czerwiński

There exists, in general, a convex set of quantum state estimators that maximize the likelihood for informationally incomplete data. We propose an estimation scheme, catered to measurement data of this kind, to search for the exact…

As quantum devices become more complex and the requirements on these devices become more demanding, it is crucial to be able to verify the performance of such devices in a scalable and reliable fashion. A cornerstone task in this challenge…

Quantum state tomography is a powerful, but resource-intensive, general solution for numerous quantum information processing tasks. This motivates the design of robust tomography procedures that use relevant resources as sparingly as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-17 Fernando G. S. L. Brandão , Richard Kueng , Daniel Stilck França

Quantum state tomography (QST) represents an essential tool for the characterization, verification, and validation (QCVV) of quantum processors. Only for a few idealized scenarios, there are analytic results for the optimal measurement set…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-27 Violeta N. Ivanova-Rohling , Niklas Rohling , Guido Burkard

Quantum state tomography serves as a key tool for identifying quantum states generated in quantum computers and simulators, typically involving local operations on individual particles or qubits to enable independent measurements. However,…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2026-03-26 Giacomo Marmorini , Takeshi Fukuhara , Daisuke Yamamoto

To improve the efficiency of the state tomography strategy via weak value, we have searched the optimal coupling strength between the system and measuring device. For an arbitrary d-dimensional quantum system, the optimal strengths being…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-23 Xuanmin Zhu , Dezheng Zhang , Runping Gao , Qun wei , Lixia Liu , Zijiang Luo

We present a detailed account of quantum state estimation by joint maximization of the likelihood and the entropy. After establishing the algorithms for both perfect and imperfect measurements, we apply the procedure to data from simulated…

Quantum state tomography aims to determine the quantum state of a system from measured data and is an essential tool for quantum information science. When dealing with continuous variable quantum states of light, tomography is often done by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-24 J. L. E. Silva , S. Glancy , H. M. Vasconcelos

High-dimensional quantum information processing has become a mature field of research with several different approaches being adopted for the encoding of $D$-dimensional quantum systems. Such progress has fueled the search of reliable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-30 D. Martínez , M. A. Solís-Prosser , G. Cañas , O. Jiménez , A. Delgado , G. Lima

Precise reconstruction of unknown quantum states from measurement data, a process commonly called quantum state tomography, is a crucial component in the development of quantum information processing technologies. Many different tomography…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-28 Ingrid Strandberg

We present a method for quantum state tomography that enables the efficient estimation, with fixed precision, of any of the matrix elements of the density matrix of a state, provided that the states from the basis in which the matrix is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-12 Ariel Bendersky , Juan Pablo Paz

We present the first full experimental quantum tomographic characterization of a single-qubit device achieved with a single entangled input state. The entangled input state plays the role of all possible input states in quantum parallel on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Francesco De Martini , Andrea Mazzei , Marco Ricci , Giacomo Mauro D'Ariano

In the absence of experimental constraints, optimal measurement schemes for quantum state tomography are well understood. We consider the scenario where the experimenter doesn't have arbitrary freedom to construct their measurement set, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-01-22 Mohammadreza Mohammadi , Agata M. Branczyk

Characterizing quantum systems is a fundamental task that enables the development of quantum technologies. Various approaches, ranging from full tomography to instances of classical shadows, have been proposed to this end. However, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-16 Franz J. Schreiber , Jens Eisert , Johannes Jakob Meyer

Quantum many-body systems provide a unique platform for exploring the rich interplay between chaos, randomness, and complexity. In a recently proposed paradigm known as deep thermalization, random quantum states of system A are generated by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-17 Wai-Keong Mok , Tobias Haug , Adam L. Shaw , Manuel Endres , John Preskill