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The dynamical architecture and compositional diversity of the asteroid belt strongly constrain planet formation models. Recent Solar System formation models have shown that the asteroid belt may have been born empty and later filled with…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-18 Andre Izidoro , Rogerio Deienno , Sean N. Raymond , Matthew S. Clement

A large sample of planet-planet scattering events for three planet systems with different orbital separations and masses is analyzed with a multiple regression model. The dependence of the time for the onset of instability on the masses of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-20 Francesco Marzari

We investigate the orbital dynamics of four-planet systems consisting of Earth-mass planets on initially-circular, coplanar orbits around a star of one solar mass. In our simulations, the innermost planet's semimajor axis is set at 1 AU,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-06 Bennet Outland , Gretchen Noble , Andrew W. Smith , Jack J. Lissauer

Recent observational missions have uncovered a significant number of compact multi-exoplanet systems. The tight orbital spacing of these systems has led to much effort being applied to the understanding of their stability; however, a key…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-09 Peter Bartram , Alexander Wittig , Jack J. Lissauer , Sacha Gavino , Hodei Urrutxua

We study the final architecture of planetary systems that evolve under the combined effects of planet-planet and planetesimal scattering. Using N-body simulations we investigate the dynamics of marginally unstable systems of gas and ice…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-07-22 Sean N. Raymond , Philip J. Armitage , Noel Gorelick

Circumstantial evidence suggests that most known extra-solar planetary systems are survivors of violent dynamical instabilities. Here we explore how giant planet instabilities affect the formation and survival of terrestrial planets. We…

The dissociation and ionization of hydrogen, during the formation of giant planets via core accretion, reduces the effective adiabatic index $\gamma$ of the gas and could trigger dynamical instability. We generalize the analysis of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-22 Suman Kumar Kundu , Eric R. Coughlin , Andrew N. Youdin , Philip J. Armitage

The long-term stability of the evolution of two-planet systems is considered by using the general three body problem (GTBP). Our study is focused on the stability of systems with adjacent orbits when at least one of them is highly…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-02-10 Kyriaki I. Antoniadou , George Voyatzis

Recent study suggests that the streaming instability, one of the leading mechanisms for driving the formation of planetesimals, may not be as efficient as previously thought. Under some disc conditions, the growth timescale of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-02 Zhaohuan Zhu , Chao-Chin Yang

Cold Neptunes and sub-Neptunes are among the most common products of planet formation and likely dominate the angular-momentum budgets in most planetary systems, yet their dynamical impact on planetary architectures remains poorly…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-10 Ryan LoRusso , Cristobal Petrovich , Hareesh Gautham Bhaskar

Nonlinear numerical simulations are performed to investigate the density evolution in the dust layer of a protoplanetary disk due to the gravitational instability and dust settling toward the midplane. We assume the region where the radial…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Fumiharu Yamoto , Minoru Sekiya

Recent observations have indicated a strong connection between compact ($a \lesssim 0.5$ au) super-Earth and mini-Neptune systems and their outer ($a \gtrsim$ a few au) giant planet companions. We study the dynamical evolution of such inner…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-22 Bonan Pu , Dong Lai

Dynamical friction implies a consistency check on any system where dark matter particles are hypothesised to explain orbital dynamics requiring more mass under Newtonian gravity than is directly detectable. Introducing the assumption of a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-11-07 X. Hernandez , Pavel Kroupa

Context. The orbital distribution of exoplanets indicates an accumulation of super-Earth sized planets close to their host stars in compact systems. When an inward disc-driven migration scenario is assumed for their formation, these planets…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-14 S. Ataiee , W. Kley

We study in detail the motions of three planets interacting with each other under the influence of a central star. It is known that the system with more than two planets becomes unstable after remaining quasi-stable for long times, leading…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Bungo Shikita , Hiroko Koyama , Shoichi Yamada

Transitional disks are protoplanetary disks with large and deep central holes in the gas, possibly carved by young planets. Dong, R., & Dawson, R. 2016, ApJ, 825, 7 simulated systems with multiple giant planets that were capable of carving…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-08 Rory Bowens , Andrew Shannon , Rebekah Dawson , Jiayin Dong

The presence of a giant planet in a low-viscosity disc can create a gap edge in the disc's radial density profile sharp enough to excite the Rossby Wave Instability. This instability may evolve into dust-trapping vortices that might explain…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-02-01 Michael Hammer , Kaitlin M. Kratter , Min-Kai Lin

We present a new analytic approach to the disk-planet interaction that is especially useful for planets with eccentricity larger than the disk aspect ratio. We make use of the dynamical friction formula to calculate the force exerted on the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Takayuki Muto , Taku Takeuchi , Shigeru Ida

The detection of many extrasolar gas giants with high eccentricities indicates that dynamical instabilities in planetary systems are common. These instabilities can alter the orbits of gas giants as well as the orbits of terrestrial planets…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-19 Sonja Seppeur

We investigate the formation of planetesimals via the gravitational instability of solids that have settled to the midplane of a circumstellar disk. Vertical shear between the gas and a subdisk of solids induces turbulent mixing which…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Andrew N. Youdin , Frank H. Shu