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Electromagnetism is at the heart of the Standard Model, but despite all the successes of modern theory, our basic description of light traveling in free space remains unsatisfactory. The four bosons that compose light are introduced in a…

General Physics · Physics 2025-10-17 Eddy Collin

We consider a bound system of particles interacting via electromagnetic forces in an external electromagnetic field, including leading relativistic corrections. Each particle has a definite mass, charge, spin, and charge radius. We…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2015-06-22 Albert Wienczek , Mariusz Puchalski , Krzysztof Pachucki

Mobile charge in an electrolytic solution can in principle be represented as the divergence of ionic polarization. After adding explicit solvent polarization a finite volume of electrolyte can then be treated as a composite non-uniform…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-03-03 Michiel Sprik

In this paper is considered nonlinear electrodynamics (NE) which does not satisfy the linear superposition principle (LSP). Since the presentation of the special theory of relativity, it has been commonly accepted that a famous formula E =…

Classical Physics · Physics 2021-10-20 Ho-Dong Jo , Chol-Song Kim

In this paper we pay attention to the inconsistency in the derivation of the symmetric electromagnetic energy-momentum tensor for a system of charged particles from its canonical form, when the homogeneous Maxwell equations are applied to…

Classical Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Alexander L. Kholmetskii

Issuing from a geometry with nonmetricity and torsion we build up a classical theory of gravitation and electromagnetism. The theory is coordinate covariant as well Weyl-gauge covariant. Massless and massive photons, intrinsic electr. and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Mark Israelit

The form of Maxwell's theory is well known in the framework of general relativity, a fact that is related to the applicability of the principle of equivalence to electromagnetic phenomena. We pose the question whether this form changes if…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-15 Roland A. Puntigam , Claus Lämmerzahl , Friedrich W. Hehl

Gravitomagnetic equations result from applying quaternionic differential operators to the energy-momentum tensor. These equations are similar to the Maxwell's EM equations. Both sets of the equations are isomorphic after changing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-02-21 Valeriy I. Sbitnev

Einstein-Maxwell theory implies the mixing of photons with gravitons in an external electromagnetic field. This process and its possible observable consequences have been studied at tree level for many years. We use the worldline formalism…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 F. Bastianelli , U. Nucamendi , C. Schubert , V. M. Villanueva

Electromagnetism, being much less intuitive than mechanics, where a lot of sources of misconceptions have been documented, has in addition to the common sources of misconceptions borrowed from mechanics other sources related to the abstract…

Physics Education · Physics 2007-05-23 Cristian Raduta

Electromagnetic quantities such as energy density, momentum, spin, and helicity bring meaning and intuition to electromagnetism and possess intricate interrelations, particularly prominent in complex non-paraxial near-fields. These…

Maxwell equations (Faraday and Ampere-Maxwell laws) can be presented as a three component equation in a way similar to the two component neutrino equation. However, in this case, the electric and magnetic Gauss's laws can not be derived…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Gersten

Motivated by a revision of the classical equations of electromagnetism that allow for the inclusion of solitary waves in the solution space, the material collected in these notes examines the consequences of adopting the modified model in…

General Physics · Physics 2019-09-27 Daniele Funaro

Abraham forces are defined as electromagnetic forces on neutral objects caused by the presence of slow, time-dependent, homogeneous electromagnetic fields. Only a few experimental observations have been reported, and different formulations…

Optics · Physics 2019-11-20 B. A. van Tiggelen

It is shown that Einstein gravity tends to modify the electric and magnetic fields appreciably at distances of the order of the Compton wavelength. At that distance the gravitational field becomes spin dominated rather than mass dominated.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 Kjell Rosquist

A supersymmetric formulation of the classical action of interacting charged and neutral fermions with arbitrary anomalous magnetic moment is considered. This formulation generalizes the known action for scalar charged particles investigated…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 V. V. Tugai , A. A. Zheltukhin

The paper formulates Maxwell's equations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space by embedding the electromagnetic vector potential in the frame vector $g_0$. Relativistic electrodynamics is the first problem tackled; in spite of using a geometry…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jose B. Almeida

The classical symmetry of the source-free Maxwell equations under electric-magnetic duality rotations leads to a conserved Noether charge, corresponding to the circular polarization of light. We show that, in quantum field theory, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-28 Adrián del Río

A review. Problems: 1-Many empirical parameters and large dimension number; 2-Gravitation and Electrodynamics are challenged by dark matter and energy. Energy and nonlinear electrodynamics are fundamental in a unified nonlinear interaction.…

General Physics · Physics 2010-07-20 Gustavo R Gonzalez-Martin

The development of relational electromagnetism after Gauss appears to stop around 1870. Maxwell recognised relational electromagnetism as mathematically equivalent to his own formulae and called for an explanation of why so different…

General Physics · Physics 2023-01-03 Hernán G. Solari , Mario A. Natiello