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Atmospheric neutrinos are produced in air showers, when cosmic ray primaries hit the Earth's atmosphere and interact hadronically. The conventional neutrino flux, which dominates the neutrino data measured in the GeV to TeV range by…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-13 Anne Schukraft

Contemporary models of hadronic interactions are reviewed. Basic phenomenological approaches are compared, with an emphasizes on the predicted air shower characteristics. Special attention is payed to the remaining discrepancies between…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-25 S. Ostapchenko

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has discovered a diffuse neutrino flux of astrophysical origin and measures its properties in various detection channels. With more than 10 years of data, we use multiple data samples from different…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-02 Richard Naab , Erik Ganster , Zelong Zhang

Hadron scattering and production uncertainties are a limiting systematic on accelerator and at-mospheric neutrino flux predictions. New hadron measurements are necessary for neutrino fluxpredictions with well-understood and reduced…

Cosmic rays interact with nuclei in the Earth's atmosphere to produce extensive air showers, which give rise to the atmospheric muon flux. Temperature fluctuations in the atmosphere influence the rate of muons measured in deep underground…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-09-23 Amanda Alves , Lilly Pyras , Dennis Soldin , Stef Verpoest

The flux of very high-energy neutrinos produced in our Galaxy by the interaction of accelerated cosmic rays with the interstellar medium is not yet determined. The characterization of this flux will shed light on Galactic accelerator…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-09-20 A. Albert , M. André , M. Anghinolfi , G. Anton , M. Ardid , J. -J. Aubert , T. Avgitas , B. Baret , J. Barrios-Martí , S. Basa , B. Belhorma , V. Bertin , S. Biagi , R. Bormuth , S. Bourret , M. C. Bouwhuis , R. Bruijn , J. Brunner , J. Busto , A. Capone , L. Caramete , J. Carr , S. Celli , R. Cherkaoui El Moursli , T. Chiarusi , M. Circella , J. A. B. Coelho , A. Coleiro , R. Coniglione , H. Costantini , P. Coyle , A. Creusot , A. F. Díaz , A. Deschamps , G. De Bonis , C. Distefano , I. Di Palma , A. Domi , C. Donzaud , D. Dornic , D. Drouhin , T. Eberl , I. El Bojaddaini , N. El Khayati , D. Elsässer , A. Enzenhöfer , A. Ettahiri , F. Fassi , I. Felis , L. A. Fusco , S. Galatà , P. Gay , V. Giordano , H. Glotin , T. Grégoire , R. Gracia Ruiz , K. Graf , S. Hallmann , H. van Haren , A. J. Heijboer , Y. Hello , J. J. Hernández-Rey , J. Hößl , J. Hofestädt , C. Hugon , G. Illuminati , C. W. James , M. de Jong , M. Jongen , M. Kadler , O. Kalekin , U. Katz , D. Kießling , A. Kouchner , M. Kreter , I. Kreykenbohm , V. Kulikovskiy , C. Lachaud , R. Lahmann , D. Lefèvre , E. Leonora , M. Lotze , S. Loucatos , M. Marcelin , A. Margiotta , A. Marinelli , J. A. Martínez-Mora , R. Mele , K. Melis , T. Michael , P. Migliozzi , A. Moussa , S. Navas , E. Nezri , M. Organokov , G. E. Păvălaş , C. Pellegrino , C. Perrina , P. Piattelli , V. Popa , T. Pradier , L. Quinn , C. Racca , G. Riccobene , A. Sánchez-Losa , M. Saldaña , I. Salvadori , D. F. E. Samtleben , M. Sanguineti , P. Sapienza , F. Schüssler , C. Sieger , M. Spurio , Th. Stolarczyk , M. Taiuti , Y. Tayalati , A. Trovato , D. Turpin , C. Tönnis , B. Vallage , V. Van Elewyck , F. Versari , D. Vivolo , A. Vizzoca , J. Wilms , J. D. Zornoza , J. Zúñiga , D. Gaggero , D. Grasso

Light antinucleus yields are calculated in a multiphase transport model (AMPT) coupled with a dynamical coalescence model. The model is tuned to reproduce the transverse momentum and rapidity distributions of antiproton in $pp$ collisions…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-06-22 Tianhao Shao , Jinhui Chen , Yu-Gang Ma , Zhangbu Xu

The FLUKA calculation of the atmospheric neutrino fluxes have been cross-checked by comparing predictions on lepton fluxes in atmosphere to experimental data. The dependence of predicted neutrino fluxes on the shape and normalization of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-25 G. Battistoni , A. Ferrari , T. Montaruli , P. R. Sala

The simulation of traffic flow on networks requires knowledge on the behavior across traffic intersections. For macroscopic models based on hyperbolic conservation laws there exist nowadays many ad-hoc models describing this behavior. Based…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-08-21 Michael Herty , Niklas Kolbe

A 3-dimensional calculation of atmospheric neutrinos flux is presented, and the results are compared with those of a 1-dimensional one. In this study, interaction and propagation of particles is treated in a 3-dimensional way including the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Honda , T. Kajita , K. Kasahara , S. Midorikawa

Prompt neutrino fluxes due to the interactions of high-energy cosmic rays with the Earth's atmosphere are backgrounds in the search for high-energy neutrinos of galactic or extra-galactic origin performed by Very Large Volume Neutrino…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-02-29 M. V. Garzelli , S. Moch , G. Sigl

The observation of astrophysical neutrinos requires a detailed understanding of the atmospheric neutrino background. Since neutrinos are produced in meson decays together with a charged lepton, important constraints on this background can…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-20 J. I. Illana , Paolo Lipari , M. Masip , D. Meloni

An evaluation of the principal uncertainties in the computation of neutrino fluxes produced in cosmic ray showers in the atmosphere is presented. The neutrino flux predictions are needed for comparison with experiment to perform neutrino…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 G. D. Barr , T. K. Gaisser , S. Robbins , T. Stanev

An efficient method for calculating inclusive conventional and prompt atmospheric leptons fluxes is presented. The coupled cascade equations are solved numerically by formulating them as matrix equation. The presented approach is very…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-03-04 Anatoli Fedynitch , Ralph Engel , Thomas K. Gaisser , Felix Riehn , Todor Stanev

The hadron production in the simulation of extensive air showers is a long standing problem and the origin of large uncertainties in the reconstruction of the mass of the high energy primary cosmic rays. Hadronic interaction models re-tuned…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-12 Tanguy Pierog , Klaus Werner

Numerical weather prediction requires initial estimates of the atmospheric state. Since the atmospheric density field is intricately woven into the atmosphere's governing equations, advancing atmospheric density estimation will improve…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-09-08 William Luszczak , Man-Yau Chan

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory first observed a diffuse flux of high energy astrophysical neutrinos in 2013. Since then, this observation has been confirmed in multiple detection channels such as high energy starting events, cascades, and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-07-22 Erik Ganster , Richard Naab , Zelong Zhang

A global analysis of atmospheric and reactor neutrino data is presented in terms of three-neutrino oscillations. We consider in our analysis both contained events and upward-going neutrino-induced muon events, including the previous data…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 M. Maltoni

Modeling the broadband emission of blazars has become increasingly challenging with the advent of multimessenger observations. Building upon previous successes in applying convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to leptonic emission scenarios,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-01 N. Sahakyan , D. Bégué , A. Casotto , H. Dereli-Bégué , V. Vardanyan , M. Khachatryan , P. Giommi , A. Pe'er

A search for high-energy neutrinos was performed using data collected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory from May 2009 to May 2010, when the array was running in its 59-string configuration. The data sample was optimized to contain muon…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-04-02 The IceCube Collaboration , M. G. Aartsen , R. Abbasi , M. Ackermann , J. Adams , J. A. Aguilar , M. Ahlers , D. Altmann , C. Arguelles , T. C. Arlen , J. Auffenberg , X. Bai , M. Baker , S. W. Barwick , V. Baum , R. Bay , J. J. Beatty , J. Becker Tjus , K. -H. Becker , S. BenZvi , P. Berghaus , D. Berley , E. Bernardini , A. Bernhard , D. Z. Besson , G. Binder , D. Bindig , M. Bissok , E. Blaufuss , J. Blumenthal , D. J. Boersma , C. Bohm , D. Bose , S. Böser , O. Botner , L. Brayeur , H. -P. Bretz , A. M. Brown , R. Bruijn , J. Casey , M. Casier , D. Chirkin , A. Christov , B. Christy , K. Clark , L. Classen , F. Clevermann , S. Coenders , S. Cohen , D. F. Cowen , A. H. Cruz Silva , M. Danninger , J. Daughhetee , J. C. Davis , M. Day , J. P. A. M. de André , C. De Clercq , S. De Ridder , P. Desiati , K. D. de Vries , M. de With , T. DeYoung , J. C. Díaz-Vélez , M. Dunkman , R. Eagan , B. Eberhardt , B. Eichmann , J. Eisch , S. Euler , P. A. Evenson , O. Fadiran , A. R. Fazely , A. Fedynitch , J. Feintzeig , T. Feusels , K. Filimonov , C. Finley , T. Fischer-Wasels , S. Flis , A. Franckowiak , K. Frantzen , T. Fuchs , T. K. Gaisser , J. Gallagher , L. Gerhardt , L. Gladstone , T. Glüsenkamp , A. Goldschmidt , G. Golup , J. G. Gonzalez , J. A. Goodman , D. Góra , D. T. Grandmont , D. Grant , P. Gretskov , J. C. Groh , A. Groß , C. Ha , A. Haj Ismail , P. Hallen , A. Hallgren , F. Halzen , K. Hanson , D. Hebecker , D. Heereman , D. Heinen , K. Helbing , R. Hellauer , S. Hickford , G. C. Hill , K. D. Hoffman , R. Hoffmann , A. Homeier , K. Hoshina , F. Huang , W. Huelsnitz , P. O. Hulth , K. Hultqvist , S. Hussain , A. Ishihara , E. Jacobi , J. Jacobsen , K. Jagielski , G. S. Japaridze , K. Jero , O. Jlelati , B. Kaminsky , A. Kappes , T. Karg , A. Karle , M. Kauer , J. L. Kelley , J. Kiryluk , J. Kläs , S. R. Klein , J. -H. Köhne , G. Kohnen , H. Kolanoski , L. Köpke , C. Kopper , S. Kopper , D. J. Koskinen , M. Kowalski , M. Krasberg , A. Kriesten , K. Krings , G. Kroll , J. Kunnen , N. Kurahashi , T. Kuwabara , M. Labare , H. Landsman , M. J. Larson , M. Lesiak-Bzdak , M. Leuermann , J. Leute , J. Lünemann , O. Macías , J. Madsen , G. Maggi , R. Maruyama , K. Mase , H. S. Matis , F. McNally , K. Meagher , M. Merck , T. Meures , S. Miarecki , E. Middell , N. Milke , J. Miller , L. Mohrmann , T. Montaruli , R. Morse , R. Nahnhauer , U. Naumann , H. Niederhausen , S. C. Nowicki , D. R. Nygren , A. Obertacke , S. Odrowski , A. Olivas , A. Omairat , A. O'Murchadha , T. Palczewski , L. Paul , J. A. Pepper , C. Pérez de los Heros , C. Pfendner , D. Pieloth , E. Pinat , J. Posselt , P. B. Price , G. T. Przybylski , M. Quinnan , L. Rädel , M. Rameez , K. Rawlins , P. Redl , R. Reimann , E. Resconi , W. Rhode , M. Ribordy , M. Richman , B. Riedel , S. Robertson , J. P. Rodrigues , C. Rott , T. Ruhe , B. Ruzybayev , D. Ryckbosch , S. M. Saba , H. -G. Sander , M. Santander , S. Sarkar , K. Schatto , F. Scheriau , T. Schmidt , M. Schmitz , S. Schoenen , S. Schöneberg , A. Schönwald , A. Schukraft , L. Schulte , O. Schulz , D. Seckel , Y. Sestayo , S. Seunarine , R. Shanidze , C. Sheremata , M. W. E. Smith , D. Soldin , G. M. Spiczak , C. Spiering , M. Stamatikos , T. Stanev , N. A. Stanisha , A. Stasik , T. Stezelberger , R. G. Stokstad , A. Stößl , E. A. Strahler , R. Ström , N. L. Strotjohann , G. W. Sullivan , H. Taavola , I. Taboada , A. Tamburro , A. Tepe , S. Ter-Antonyan , G. Tešić , S. Tilav , P. A. Toale , M. N. Tobin , S. Toscano , M. Tselengidou , E. Unger , M. Usner , S. Vallecorsa , N. van Eijndhoven , A. Van Overloop , J. van Santen , M. Vehring , M. Voge , M. Vraeghe , C. Walck , T. Waldenmaier , M. Wallraff , Ch. Weaver , M. Wellons , C. Wendt , S. Westerhoff , B. Whelan , N. Whitehorn , K. Wiebe , C. H. Wiebusch , D. R. Williams , H. Wissing , M. Wolf , T. R. Wood , K. Woschnagg , D. L. Xu , X. W. Xu , J. P. Yanez , G. Yodh , S. Yoshida , P. Zarzhitsky , J. Ziemann , S. Zierke , M. Zoll