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Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been widely used in many applications, particularly in gaming, which serves as an excellent training ground for AI models. Google DeepMind has pioneered innovations in this field, employing reinforcement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Abdelrhman Shaheen , Anas Badr , Ali Abohendy , Hatem Alsaadawy , Nadine Alsayad , Ehab H. El-Shazly

The AlphaZero algorithm for the learning of strategy games via self-play, which has produced superhuman ability in the games of Go, chess, and shogi, uses a quantitative reward function for game outcomes, requiring the users of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Dan Schmidt , Nick Moran , Jonathan S. Rosenfeld , Jonathan Rosenthal , Jonathan Yedidia

Recently, AlphaZero has achieved landmark results in deep reinforcement learning, by providing a single self-play architecture that learned three different games at super human level. AlphaZero is a large and complicated system with many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Hui Wang , Mike Preuss , Aske Plaat

Playing board games is considered a major challenge for both humans and AI researchers. Because some complicated board games are quite hard to learn, humans usually begin with playing on smaller boards and incrementally advance to master…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Shai Ben-Assayag , Ran El-Yaniv

We study impartial games under fixed-latency, fixed-scale quantised inference (FSQI). In this fixed-scale, bounded-range regime, we prove that inference is simulable by constant-depth polynomial-size Boolean circuits (AC0). This yields a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Søren Riis

The game of Go has long served as a benchmark for artificial intelligence, demanding sophisticated strategic reasoning and long-term planning. Previous approaches such as AlphaGo and its successors, have predominantly relied on model-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Jingbin Liu , Xuechun Wang

Zero-sum games have long guided artificial intelligence research, since they possess both a rich strategy space of best-responses and a clear evaluation metric. What's more, competition is a vital mechanism in many real-world multi-agent…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Edward Hughes , Thomas W. Anthony , Tom Eccles , Joel Z. Leibo , David Balduzzi , Yoram Bachrach

This work investigates the adaptation of the AlphaZero reinforcement learning algorithm to Tablut, an asymmetric historical board game featuring unequal piece counts and distinct player objectives (king capture versus king escape). While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Tõnis Lees , Tambet Matiisen

The combination of deep reinforcement learning and search at both training and test time is a powerful paradigm that has led to a number of successes in single-agent settings and perfect-information games, best exemplified by AlphaZero.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Noam Brown , Anton Bakhtin , Adam Lerer , Qucheng Gong

The combination of self-play and planning has achieved great successes in sequential games, for instance in Chess and Go. However, adapting algorithms such as AlphaZero to simultaneous games poses a new challenge. In these games, missing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Yannik Mahlau , Frederik Schubert , Bodo Rosenhahn

This paper delves into applying reinforcement learning (RL) in strategy games, particularly those characterized by parity challenges, as seen in specific positions of Go and Chess and a broader range of impartial games. We propose a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Bei Zhou , Soren Riis

Robust Reinforcement Learning (RRL) is a promising Reinforcement Learning (RL) paradigm aimed at training robust to uncertainty or disturbances models, making them more efficient for real-world applications. Following this paradigm,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Anton Plaksin , Vitaly Kalev

Reinforcement learning has exceeded human-level performance in game playing AI with deep learning methods according to the experiments from DeepMind on Go and Atari games. Deep learning solves high dimension input problems which stop the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Yue Zheng

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) enables policy improvement from fixed datasets without online interactions, making it highly suitable for real-world applications lacking efficient simulators. Despite its success in the single-agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jingxiao Chen , Weiji Xie , Weinan Zhang , Yong yu , Ying Wen

The game of chess is the most widely-studied domain in the history of artificial intelligence. The strongest programs are based on a combination of sophisticated search techniques, domain-specific adaptations, and handcrafted evaluation…

The success of AlphaZero (AZ) has demonstrated that neural-network-based Go AIs can surpass human performance by a large margin. Given that the state space of Go is extremely large and a human player can play the game from any legal state,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Li-Cheng Lan , Huan Zhang , Ti-Rong Wu , Meng-Yu Tsai , I-Chen Wu , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Recent years have witnessed significant advances in reinforcement learning (RL), which has registered great success in solving various sequential decision-making problems in machine learning. Most of the successful RL applications, e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Kaiqing Zhang , Zhuoran Yang , Tamer Başar

Complex games have long been an important benchmark for testing the progress of artificial intelligence algorithms. AlphaGo, AlphaZero, and MuZero have defeated top human players in Go and Chess, garnering widespread societal attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Wei Wang , Fuqing Bie , Junzhe Chen , Dan Zhang , Shiyu Huang , Evgeny Kharlamov , Jie Tang

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved outstanding results in recent years, which has led a dramatic increase in the number of methods and applications. Recent works are exploring learning beyond single-agent scenarios and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-03 Yunlong Lu , Kai Yan

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm in Artificial Intelligence (AI), enabling agents to learn optimal behaviors through interactions with their environments. Drawing from the foundations of trial and error, RL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Majid Ghasemi , Amir Hossein Moosavi , Dariush Ebrahimi
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