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We propose a high order adaptive-rank implicit integrators for stiff time-dependent PDEs, leveraging extended Krylov subspaces to efficiently and adaptively populate low-rank solution bases. This allows for the accurate representation of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-05 Hamad El Kahza , William Taitano , Jing-Mei Qiu , Luis Chacón

Implicit particle-in-cell codes offer advantages over their explicit counterparts in that they suffer weaker stability constraints on the need to resolve the higher frequency modes of the system. This feature may prove particularly valuable…

Computational Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Mathieu Drouin , Laurent Gremillet , Jean-Claude Adam , Anne Héron

The present paper studies two particle management strategies for dynamically adaptive Cartesian grids at hands of a particle-in-cell code. One holds the particles within the grid cells, the other within the grid vertices. The fundamental…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-01-11 T. Weinzierl , B. Verleye , P. Henri , D. Roose

Modern ultra-intense laser facilities can generate electromagnetic fields strong enough to accelerate particles to near-light speeds over micron-scale distances and also approach the QED critical field, resulting in highly nonlinear and…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Q. Qian , D. Seipt , M. Vranic , T. Grismayer , C. P. Ridgers , A. G. R. Thomas

We present an explicit multiscale algorithm for solving differential equations for problems with high-frequency modes that can be averaged over by separating and scaling the fast and slow dynamics within a single equation. We introduce a…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Maxwell H. Rosen , Manaure Francisquez , Gregory W. Hammett

Gyrocenter dynamics of charged particles plays a fundamental role in plasma physics. In particular, accuracy and conservation of energy are important features for correctly performing long-time simulations. For this purpose, we here propose…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-05-26 Luigi Brugnano , Felice Iavernaro , Ruili Zhang

A fully implicit particle-in-cell method for handling the $v_\parallel$-formalism of electromagnetic gyrokinetics has been implemented in XGC. By choosing the $v_\parallel$-formalism, we avoid introducing the non-physical skin terms in…

Electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) codes are widely used to perform computer simulations of a variety of physical systems, including fusion plasmas, astrophysical plasmas, plasma wakefield particle accelerators, and secondary photon…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-07-20 Edoardo Zoni , Remi Lehe , Olga Shapoval , Daniel Belkin , Neil Zaïm , Luca Fedeli , Henri Vincenti , Jean-Luc Vay

We present the standard electromagnetic Particle-in-Cell method, starting from the discrete approximation of derivatives on a uniform grid. The application to second-order, centered, finite-difference discretization of the equations of…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-08-18 J. L. Vay

We revisit the Scovel-Weinstein framework (Scovel & Weinstein, CPAM 1994) for reducing the Vlasov-Poisson system while preserving its Hamiltonian structure. Standard particle-in-cell (PIC) algorithms approximate the distribution function by…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-22 Mandela B. Quashie , J. W. Burby , Andrew J. Christlieb , Qi Tang

We review common extensions of particle-in-cell (PIC) schemes which account for strong field phenomena in laser-plasma interactions. After describing the physical processes of interest and their numerical implementation, we provide…

Cosmic-ray acceleration processes in astrophysical plasmas are often investigated with fully-kinetic or hybrid kinetic numerical simulations, which enable us to describe a detailed microphysics of particle energization mechanisms. Tracing…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-02-12 Gabriel Torralba Paz , Artem Bohdan , Jacek Niemiec

We present a novel Relativistic Semi-Implicit Method (RelSIM) for particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of astrophysical plasmas, implemented in a code framework ready for production runs. While explicit PIC methods have gained widespread…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-29 Fabio Bacchini

The simulation of problems in kinetic plasma physics are often challenging due to strongly coupled phenomena across multiple scales. In this work, we propose a wavelet-based coarse-grained numerical scheme, based on the framework of…

Computational Physics · Physics 2016-10-05 Paul Cazeaux , Jan S. Hesthaven

In high-temperature plasma physics, a strong magnetic field is usually used to confine charged particles. Therefore, for studying the classical mathematical models of the physical problems it needs to consider the effect of external…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-05 Anjiao Gu , Yajuan Sun

The Particle-In-Cell (PIC) method is a computational technique widely used in plasma physics to model plasmas at the kinetic level. In this work, we present our effort to prepare the semi-implicit energy-conserving PIC code ECsim for…

Particle-mesh methods, such as the particle-in-cell (PIC) method, cannot retain exact pairwise interaction at sub-cell scales. For dense nonneutral relativistic electron bunches, this makes it difficult to accurately capture the…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Yinjian Zhao , Yibo Liang , Yanan Zhang , Xiaochun Ma , Hui Liu

We present an accurate and efficient algorithm to calculate the electrostatic interaction of charged point particles with partially periodic boundary conditions that are confined along the nonperiodic direction by two metallic parallel…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-11-03 Samare Rostami , S. Alireza Ghasemi , Ehsan Nedaaee Oskoee

Outstanding advances in solid-state laser technology, employing the optical parametric chirped-pulse-amplification (OPCPA) technique, have led physicists to focus laser pulses to highly-relativistic intensities which led to novel schemes…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Szilárd Majorosi , Nasr Hafz , Zsolt Lécz

We propose a spectral Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm that is based on the combination of a Hankel transform and a Fourier transform. For physical problems that have close-to-cylindrical symmetry, this algorithm can be much faster than…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2016-05-04 Remi Lehe , Manuel Kirchen , Igor A. Andriyash , Brendan B. Godfrey , Jean-Luc Vay