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This paper considers incremental few-shot learning, which requires a model to continually recognize new categories with only a few examples provided. Our study shows that existing methods severely suffer from catastrophic forgetting, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Guangyuan Shi , Jiaxin Chen , Wenlong Zhang , Li-Ming Zhan , Xiao-Ming Wu

Catastrophic forgetting -- the phenomenon of a neural network learning a task t1 and losing the ability to perform it after being trained on some other task t2 -- is a long-standing problem for neural networks [McCloskey and Cohen, 1989].…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Nicholas Dronen , Randall Balestriero

In this paper we propose an approach to avoiding catastrophic forgetting in sequential task learning scenarios. Our technique is based on a network reparameterization that approximately diagonalizes the Fisher Information Matrix of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-13 Xialei Liu , Marc Masana , Luis Herranz , Joost Van de Weijer , Antonio M. Lopez , Andrew D. Bagdanov

Catastrophic forgetting in continual learning is often measured at the performance or last-layer representation level, overlooking the underlying mechanisms. We introduce a mechanistic framework that offers a geometric interpretation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sergi Masip , Gido M. van de Ven , Javier Ferrando , Tinne Tuytelaars

Neural networks are known to suffer from catastrophic forgetting when trained on sequential datasets. While there have been numerous attempts to solve this problem in large-scale supervised classification, little has been done to overcome…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Pauching Yap , Hippolyt Ritter , David Barber

Humans can continuously learn new knowledge. However, machine learning models suffer from drastic dropping in performance on previous tasks after learning new tasks. Cognitive science points out that the competition of similar knowledge is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Runqi Wang , Yuxiang Bao , Baochang Zhang , Jianzhuang Liu , Wentao Zhu , Guodong Guo

Catastrophic forgetting/interference is a critical problem for lifelong learning machines, which impedes the agents from maintaining their previously learned knowledge while learning new tasks. Neural networks, in particular, suffer plenty…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-03-15 Soheil Kolouri , Nicholas Ketz , Xinyun Zou , Jeffrey Krichmar , Praveen Pilly

Catastrophic forgetting of connectionist neural networks is caused by the global sharing of parameters among all training examples. In this study, we analyze parameter sharing under the conditional computation framework where the parameters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Min Lin , Jie Fu , Yoshua Bengio

Addressing catastrophic forgetting is one of the key challenges in continual learning where machine learning systems are trained with sequential or streaming tasks. Despite recent remarkable progress in state-of-the-art deep learning, deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-22 Xilai Li , Yingbo Zhou , Tianfu Wu , Richard Socher , Caiming Xiong

Continual learning is crucial for applying machine learning in challenging, dynamic, and often resource-constrained environments. However, catastrophic forgetting - overwriting previously learned knowledge when new information is acquired -…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Filip Szatkowski , Yaoyue Zheng , Fei Yang , Bartłomiej Twardowski , Tomasz Trzciński , Joost van de Weijer

Catastrophic forgetting means that a trained neural network model gradually forgets the previously learned tasks when being retrained on new tasks. Overcoming the forgetting problem is a major problem in machine learning. Numerous continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Yujiang He , Bernhard Sick

To cope with real-world dynamics, an intelligent system needs to incrementally acquire, update, and exploit knowledge throughout its lifetime. This ability, known as Continual learning, provides a foundation for AI systems to develop…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Hesham G. Moussa , Aroosa Hameed , Arashmid Akhavain

Continual learning seeks to enable machine learning systems to solve an increasing corpus of tasks sequentially. A critical challenge for continual learning is forgetting, where the performance on previously learned tasks decreases as new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Yasaman Mahdaviyeh , James Lucas , Mengye Ren , Andreas S. Tolias , Richard Zemel , Toniann Pitassi

Memory replay may be key to learning in biological brains, which manage to learn new tasks continually without catastrophically interfering with previous knowledge. On the other hand, artificial neural networks suffer from catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Haitz Sáez de Ocáriz Borde

We investigate the performance of DNNs when trained on class-incremental visual problems consisting of initial training, followed by retraining with added visual classes. Catastrophic forgetting (CF) behavior is measured using a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-21 B. Pfülb , A. Gepperth , S. Abdullah , A. Kilian

Intelligence necessitates memory. Without memory, humans fail to perform various nontrivial tasks such as reading novels, playing games or solving maths. As the ultimate goal of machine learning is to derive intelligent systems that learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Hung Le

Animals thrive in a constantly changing environment and leverage the temporal structure to learn well-factorized causal representations. In contrast, traditional neural networks suffer from forgetting in changing environments and many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Ali Hummos

Continual learning aims to sequentially learn new tasks without forgetting previous tasks' knowledge (catastrophic forgetting). One factor that can cause forgetting is the interference between the gradients on losses from different tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Xueying Bai , Jinghuan Shang , Yifan Sun , Niranjan Balasubramanian

Acquiring new knowledge without forgetting what has been learned in a sequence of tasks is the central focus of continual learning (CL). While tasks arrive sequentially, the training data are often prepared and annotated independently,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Thuy-Trang Vu , Shahram Khadivi , Mahsa Ghorbanali , Dinh Phung , Gholamreza Haffari

In reinforcement learning, an agent interacts sequentially with an environment to maximize a reward, receiving only partial, probabilistic feedback. This creates a fundamental exploration-exploitation trade-off: the agent must explore to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Josep Lumbreras , Ruo Cheng Huang , Yanglin Hu , Marco Fanizza , Mile Gu