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Simulated annealing - moving from a tractable distribution to a distribution of interest via a sequence of intermediate distributions - has traditionally been used as an inexact method of handling isolated modes in Markov chain samplers.…

Computational Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Radford M. Neal

Thermal boundary conditions has played an increasingly important role in revealing the nature of short-range spin glasses and is likely to be relevant also for other disordered systems. Diffusion method initializing each replica with a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2016-06-22 Wenlong Wang

This note introduces the double flip move for accelerating the Swendsen-Wang algorithm for Ising models with mixed boundary conditions below the critical temperature. The double flip move consists of a geometric flip of the spin lattice…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-05-17 Lexing Ying

This paper is concerned with Bayesian inference when the likelihood is analytically intractable but can be unbiasedly estimated. We propose an annealed importance sampling procedure for estimating expectations with respect to the posterior.…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-02-26 M. -N. Tran , C. Strickland , M. K. Pitt , R. Kohn

Annealed importance sampling is a means to assign equilibrium weights to a nonequilibrium sample that was generated by a simulated annealing protocol. The weights may then be used to calculate equilibrium averages, and also serve as an…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2009-11-13 Edward Lyman , Daniel M. Zuckerman

A sequential importance sampling algorithm is developed for the distribution that results when a matrix of independent, but not identically distributed, Bernoulli random variables is conditioned on a given sequence of row and column sums.…

Computation · Statistics 2013-01-18 Matthew T. Harrison , Jeffrey W. Miller

More than twenty years after its introduction, Annealed Importance Sampling (AIS) remains one of the most effective methods for marginal likelihood estimation. It relies on a sequence of distributions interpolating between a tractable…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-25 Arnaud Doucet , Will Grathwohl , Alexander G. D. G. Matthews , Heiko Strathmann

Importance sampling is often used in machine learning when training and testing data come from different distributions. In this paper we propose a new variant of importance sampling that can reduce the variance of importance sampling-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-11 Philip S. Thomas , Emma Brunskill

Gaussian Process Latent Variable Models (GPLVMs) have become increasingly popular for unsupervised tasks such as dimensionality reduction and missing data recovery due to their flexibility and non-linear nature. An importance-weighted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jian Xu , Shian Du , Junmei Yang , Qianli Ma , Delu Zeng , John Paisley

Evaluating expectations on an Ising model (or Boltzmann machine) is essential for various applications, including statistical machine learning. However, in general, the evaluation is computationally difficult because it involves intractable…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-19 Muneki Yasuda , Kaiji Sekimoto

We consider spin models on complex networks frequently used to model social and technological systems. We study the annealed ferromagnetic Ising model for random networks with either independent edges (Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi), or with prescribed…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2021-12-07 Van Hao Can , Cristian Giardinà , Claudio Giberti , Remco van der Hofstad

Ising and Potts models are an important class of discrete probability distributions which originated from statistical physics and since then have found applications in several disciplines. Simulation from these models is a well known…

Computation · Statistics 2026-03-17 Charles C. Margossian , Chenyang Zhong , Sumit Mukherjee

Importance sampling (IS) is an important technique to reduce the estimation variance in Monte Carlo simulations. In many practical problems, however, the use of IS method may result in unbounded variance, and thus fail to provide reliable…

Computation · Statistics 2019-02-26 Tengchao Yu , Linjun Lu , Jinglai Li

Importance sampling is a widely used technique to estimate properties of a distribution. This paper investigates trading-off some bias for variance by adaptively winsorizing the importance sampling estimator. The novel winsorizing…

Computation · Statistics 2021-02-10 Paulo Orenstein

Annealed importance sampling (AIS) is the gold standard for estimating partition functions or marginal likelihoods, corresponding to importance sampling over a path of distributions between a tractable base and an unnormalized target. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Rob Brekelmans , Vaden Masrani , Thang Bui , Frank Wood , Aram Galstyan , Greg Ver Steeg , Frank Nielsen

Sampling from a multimodal distribution is a fundamental and challenging problem in computational science and statistics. Among various approaches proposed for this task, one popular method is Annealed Importance Sampling (AIS). In this…

Computation · Statistics 2024-11-07 Haoxuan Chen , Lexing Ying

In this paper, I proof that Importance Sampling estimates based on dependent sample sets are consistent under certain conditions. This can be used to reduce variance in Bayesian Models with factorizing likelihoods, using sample sets that…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-03-03 Ingmar Schuster

Sampling from multimodal distributions is a central challenge in Bayesian inference and machine learning. In light of hardness results for sampling -- classical MCMC methods, even with tempering, can suffer from exponential mixing times --…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-23 Holden Lee , Matheau Santana-Gijzen

The Swendsen-Wang algorithm is a sophisticated, widely-used Markov chain for sampling from the Gibbs distribution for the ferromagnetic Ising and Potts models. This chain has proved difficult to analyze, due in part to the global nature of…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-05-11 Antonio Blanca , Zongchen Chen , Daniel Štefankovič , Eric Vigoda

We study the equilibrium properties of an Ising model on a disordered random network where the disorder can be quenched or annealed. The network consists of four-fold coordinated sites connected via variable length one-dimensional chains.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-22 Abdul N. Malmi-Kakkada , Oriol T. Valls , Chandan Dasgupta
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