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This article summarises the current status of classical communication networks and identifies some critical open research challenges that can only be solved by leveraging quantum technologies. By now, the main goal of quantum communication…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Roberto Ferrara , Riccardo Bassoli , Christian Deppe , Frank H. P. Fitzek , Holger Boche

Quantum networks play an extremely important role in quantum information science, with application to quantum communication, computation, metrology and fundamental tests. One of the key challenges for implementing a quantum network is to…

Recent progress in applying complex network theory to problems in quantum information has resulted in a beneficial crossover. Complex network methods have successfully been applied to transport and entanglement models while information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-22 Jacob Biamonte , Mauro Faccin , Manlio De Domenico

Qubit transmission protocols are presently point-to-point, and thus restrictive in their functionality. A quantum router is necessary for the quantum Internet to become a reality. We present a quantum router design based on teleportation,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Bernardo A. Huberman , Bob Lund

Quantum networks are complex systems formed by the interaction among quantum processors through quantum channels. Analogous to classical computer networks, quantum networks allow for the distribution of quantum computation among quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-08 Matheus Guedes de Andrade , Wenhan Dai , Saikat Guha , Don Towsley

Classical game theory is a powerful tool focusing on optimized resource distribution, allocation and sharing in classical wired and wireless networks. As quantum networks are emerging as a means of providing true connectivity between…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Indrakshi Dey , Nicola Marchetti , Marcello Caleffi , Angela Sara Cacciapuoti

Quantum networks provide access to exchange of quantum information. The primary task of quantum networks is to distribute entanglement between remote nodes. Although quantum repeater protocol enables long distance entanglement distribution,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-03-19 Zong-Wen Wei , Bing-Hong Wang , Xiao-Pu Han

Quantum communications have progressed significantly, moving from a theoretical concept to small-scale experiments to recent metropolitan-scale demonstrations. As the technology matures, it is expected to revolutionize quantum computing in…

Quantum repeaters are enabling technologies for long-distance quantum communications. Despite the significant progress in the field, we still not only face implementation challenges but also need theoretical solutions that better meet all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Javier Rey-Domínguez , Mohsen Razavi

Quantum Communications Networks using the properties of qubits, namely state superposition, no-cloning and entanglement, can enable the exchange of information in a very secure manner across optical links or free space. New innovations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-01 Dinesh Verma , Eden Figueroa , Gabriella Carini , Mark Ritter

Conventional quantum routing operates under the entrenched assumption that pathfinding is a prerequisite for routing. This classical-inspired routing model imposes a restricting design option, which prevents scaling the quantumness to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-16 Si-Yi Chen , Angela Sara Cacciapuoti , Marcello Caleffi

Classical computation relies heavily on information manipulation. Each component of a hardware needs to communicate with others, and this is done by encoding information into strings of bits and application of logical operations. When…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Eduardo K. Soares

Entangled quantum networks provide great flexibilities and scalabilities for quantum information processing or quantum Internet. Most of results are focused on the nonlocalities of quantum networks. Our goal in this work is to explore new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-06 Ming-Xing Luo

Optical communication channels have redefined the purview and applications of classical computing; similarly, photonic transfer of quantum information promises to open new horizons for quantum computing. The implementation of light-matter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-02 T. E. Northup , R. Blatt

Future quantum internet applications will derive their power from the ability to share quantum information across the network. Quantum teleportation allows for the reliable transfer of quantum information between distant nodes, even in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 S. L. N. Hermans , M. Pompili , H. K. C. Beukers , S. Baier , J. Borregaard , R. Hanson

In communication networks many different channels must share a limited amount of resources. In order to allow for multiple simultaneous communications, multiple access techniques are routinely employed. With quantum communication, it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Juan Carlos Garcia-Escartin , Pedro Chamorro-Posada

In this paper, we present an architecture and implementation algorithm such that digital data can be switched in the quantum domain. First we define the connection digraph which can be used to describe the behavior of a switch at a given…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 I. M. Tsai , S. Y. Kuo

Society relies and depends increasingly on information exchange and communication. In the quantum world, security and privacy is a built-in feature for information processing. The essential ingredient for exploiting these quantum advantages…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-27 Michael Epping , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

Quantum networks, which enable the transfer of quantum information across long distances, promise to provide exciting benefits and new possibilities in many areas including communication, computation, security, and metrology. These networks…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-14 Alexander Kolar , Allen Zang , Joaquin Chung , Martin Suchara , Rajkumar Kettimuthu

The distribution of entanglement in quantum networks is typically approached under idealized assumptions such as perfect synchronization and centralized control, while classical communication is often neglected. However, these assumptions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-04 Shahrooz Pouryousef , Hassan Shapourian , Don Towsley