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Quantum networks are a keystone of the quantum internet. However, existing implementations remain largely confined to static point-to-point links due to the absence of a switching paradigm capable of dynamically routing fragile quantum…

Quantum networks providing shared entanglement over a mesh of quantum nodes will revolutionize the field of quantum information science by offering novel applications in quantum computation, enhanced precision in networks of sensors and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-19 Jacob P. Covey , Harald Weinfurter , Hannes Bernien

The Quantum Internet is key for distributed quantum computing, by interconnecting multiple quantum processors into a virtual quantum computation system. This allows to scale the number of qubits, by overcoming the inherent limitations of…

Quantum networks offer a unifying set of opportunities and challenges across exciting intellectual and technical frontiers, including for quantum computation, communication, and metrology. The realization of quantum networks composed of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 H. J. Kimble

A quantum network promises to enable long distance quantum communication, and assemble small quantum devices into a large quantum computing cluster. Each network node can thereby be seen as a small few qubit quantum computer. Qubits can be…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-10-18 Eddie Schoute , Laura Mancinska , Tanvirul Islam , Iordanis Kerenidis , Stephanie Wehner

Large-scale quantum networks, known as quantum internet, hold great promises for advanced distributed quantum computing and long-distance quantum communication. It is essential to have a proper theoretical analysis of the quantum network…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-20 Kiran Adhikari , Christian Deppe

The design of the Quantum Internet protocol stack is at its infancy and early-stage conceptualization. And different heterogeneous proposals are currently available in the literature. The underlying assumption of the existing proposals is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-01 Angela Sara Cacciapuoti , Jessica Illiano , Marcello Caleffi

The efficacy of a communication network hinges upon both its physical architecture and the protocols that are employed within it. In the context of quantum communications, there exists a fundamental rate-loss tradeoff for point-to-point…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-18 Cillian Harney , Stefano Pirandola

Quantum networks enable a number of important applications such as quantum key distribution. The basic function of a quantum network is to enable long-distance quantum entanglement between two remote communication parties. This work focuses…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-10-28 Shouqian Shi , Chen Qian

Quantum networks constitute a major part of quantum technologies. They will boost distributed quantum computing drastically by providing a scalable modular architecture of quantum chips, or by establishing an infrastructure for measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-05 Seid Koudia

In the same way that classical computer networks connect and enhance the capabilities of classical computers, quantum networks can combine the advantages of quantum information and communications. We propose a non-classical network element,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-21 Juan Carlos Garcia-Escartin , Pedro Chamorro-Posada

The key objective of the Quantum Internet is the distribution and manipulation of entanglement to enable unprecedented applications. This requires a radical departure from classical Internet design principles, such as the end-to-end…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-08 Marcello Caleffi , Angela Sara Cacciapuoti

Quantum networks use quantum mechanics properties of entanglement and teleportation to transfer data from one node to another. Hence, it is necessary to have an efficient mechanism to distribute entanglement among quantum network nodes.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-29 Dibakar Das , Shiva Kumar Malapaka , Jyotsna Bapat , Debabrata Das

A Quantum Internet, i.e., a global interconnection of quantum devices, is the long term goal of quantum communications, and has so far been based on two-dimensional systems (qubits). Recent years have seen a significant development of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-11 Davide Bacco , Jacob F. F. Bulmer , Manuel Erhard , Marcus Huber , Stefano Paesani

Quantum Teleportation is the key communication functionality of the Quantum Internet, allowing the "transmission' of qubits without either the physical transfer of the particle storing the qubit or the violation of the quantum mechanical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-12 Angela Sara Cacciapuoti , Marcello Caleffi , Rodney Van Meter , Lajos Hanzo

The topology of classical networks is determined by physical links between nodes, and after a network request the links are used to establish the desired connections. Quantum networks offer the possibility to generate different kinds of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-15 Jorge Miguel-Ramiro , Alexander Pirker , Wolfgang Dür

The complementary features of different qubit platforms for computing and communicating impose an intrinsic hardware heterogeneity in any quantum network, where nodes, while processing and storing quantum information, must also communicate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-14 Marcello Caleffi , Laura d'Avossa , Xu Han , Angela Sara Cacciapuoti

Quantum networking is an emerging area with the potential to transform information processing and communications. In this paper, we present a brief introduction to quantum network control, an area in quantum networking dedicated to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-30 Víctor Valls , Panagiotis Promponas , Leandros Tassiulas

Over the past several decades, the proliferation of global classical communication networks has transformed various facets of human society. Concurrently, quantum networking has emerged as a dynamic field of research, driven by its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Joseph M. Lukens , Nicholas A. Peters , Bing Qi

Quantum computers will change the cryptographic panorama. A technology once believed to lay far away into the future is increasingly closer to real world applications. Quantum computers will break the algorithms used in our public key…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Alejandro Aguado , Victor Lopez , Diego Lopez , Momtchil Peev , Andreas Poppe , Antonio Pastor , Jesus Folgueira , Vicente Martiin