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Discrete time-crystals are periodically driven quantum many-body systems with broken discrete-time translational symmetry, a non-equilibrium steady state representing self-organization of motion of quantum particles. Observations of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-06-28 Subhajit Sarkar , Yonatan Dubi

Time crystals are nonequilibrium phases of matter characterized by the emergence of temporal ordering, in which an interacting many-body system develops robust structure in its time evolution that is not trivially dictated by the external…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Gonzalo Camacho , Benedikt Fauseweh

Crystals spontaneously break the continuous translation symmetry in space, despite the invariance of the underlying energy function. This has triggered suggestions of time crystals analogously lifting translational invariance in time.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-02-29 A. Greilich , N. E. Kopteva , A. N. Kamenskii , P. S. Sokolov , V. L. Korenev , M. Bayer

We establish a link between metastability and a discrete time-crystalline phase in a periodically driven open quantum system. The mechanism we highlight requires neither the system to display any microscopic symmetry nor the presence of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-01-10 F. M. Gambetta , F. Carollo , M. Marcuzzi , J. P. Garrahan , I. Lesanovsky

Time crystals, a unique non-equilibrium quantum phenomenon with promising applications in current quantum technologies, mark a significant advance in quantum mechanics. Although traditionally studied in atom-cavity and optical lattice…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-07 Subhajit Sarkar , Yonatan Dubi

Understanding different aspects of time is at the core of many areas in theoretical physics. Minimal models of continuous stochastic and quantum clocks have been proposed to explore fundamental limitations on the performance of timekeeping…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Ludmila Viotti , Marcus Huber , Rosario Fazio , Gonzalo Manzano

Time crystals are a nonequilibrium phase of matter that extend fundamental spontaneous symmetry breaking into the temporal dimension, typically requiring external driving for their realization. Here, we explore the nonequilibrium phase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Shu Yang , Zeqing Wang , Libin Fu , Jianwen Jie

A time crystal is a state of periodically driven matter which breaks discrete time translation symmetry. Time crystals have been demonstrated experimentally in various programmable quantum simulators and exemplify how non-equilibrium,…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-03-21 Andrew Stasiuk , Paola Cappellaro

Recent experiments with dense laser-driven atomic gases [G. Ferioli et al., arXiv:2207.10361 (2022)] have realized a many-body system which in the thermodynamic limit yields a so-called boundary time-crystal. This state of matter is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-19 Albert Cabot , Leah Sophie Muhle , Federico Carollo , Igor Lesanovsky

Time crystal is defined as a phase of matter spontaneously exhibiting a periodicity in time. Previous studies focused on discrete quantum time crystals under periodic drive. Here, we propose a time crystal model based on a levitated charged…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-27 Yi Huang , Qihao Guo , Anda Xiong , Tongcang Li , Zhang-qi Yin

Continuous time crystals, i.e., nonequilibrium phases with a spontaneously broken continuous time-translational symmetry, have been studied and recently observed in the long-time dynamics of open quantum systems. Here, we investigate a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-15 Felix Russo , Thomas Pohl

A boundary time-crystal is a quantum many-body system whose dynamics is governed by the competition between coherent driving and collective dissipation. It is composed of $N$ two-level systems and features a transition between a stationary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-13 Albert Cabot , Federico Carollo , Igor Lesanovsky

While quantum simulation is one of the most promising applications of modern quantum devices, accessible simulation times are fundamentally limited by finite coherence times due to omnipresent noise. Based on the ideas of relational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Sebastian Gemsheim , Felix Fritzsch

We examine the emergence of periodicity in a non-interacting steady-state quantum system without external drive inspired by quantum time crystals' spontaneous time-translation symmetry breaking. Specifically, we consider a lattice ring of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-08 David S. Schlegel , Stefan Kehrein

Discrete time crystals are a special phase of matter in which time translational symmetry is broken through a periodic driving pulse. Here, we first propose and characterize an effective mechanism to generate a stable discrete time crystal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-31 Rozhin Yousefjani , Krzysztof Sacha , Abolfazl Bayat

Time crystals are classified as discrete or continuous depending on whether they spontaneously break discrete or continuous time translation symmetry. While discrete time crystals have been extensively studied in periodically driven systems…

Time crystals are quantum many-body systems which are able to self-organize their motion in a periodic way in time. Discrete time crystals have been experimentally demonstrated in spin systems. However, the first idea of spontaneous…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2018-07-16 Krzysztof Giergiel , Arkadiusz Kosior , Peter Hannaford , Krzysztof Sacha

A rich variety of non-equilibrium dynamical phenomena and processes unambiguously calls for the development of general numerical techniques to probe and estimate a complex interplay between spatial and temporal degrees of freedom in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-26 E. A. Maletskii , I. A. Iakovlev , V. V. Mazurenko

Many complex systems can spontaneously oscillate under non-periodic forcing. Such self-oscillators are commonplace in biological and technological assemblies where temporal periodicity is needed, such as the beating of a human heart or the…

A discrete time crystal (DTC) repeats itself with a rigid rhythm, mimicking a ticking clock set by the interplay between its internal structures and an external force. DTCs promise profound applications in precision time-keeping and other…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2020-07-22 Changyuan Lyu , Sayan Choudhury , Chenwei Lv , Yangqian Yan , Qi Zhou
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