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Recent approaches to empathetic response generation try to incorporate commonsense knowledge or reasoning about the causes of emotions to better understand the user's experiences and feelings. However, these approaches mainly focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Yahui Fu , Koji Inoue , Chenhui Chu , Tatsuya Kawahara

Detecting implicit causal relations in texts is a task that requires both common sense and world knowledge. Existing datasets are focused either on commonsense causal reasoning or explicit causal relations. In this work, we present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Ilya Gusev , Alexey Tikhonov

Despite the importance of causal reasoning, training LLMs to reason causally remains underexplored. Existing data efforts mostly focus on benchmarking LLMs on specific aspects of causality, making them less suitable for training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Qirun Dai , Xiao Liu , Jiawei Zhang , Dylan Zhang , Hao Peng , Chenhao Tan

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in causal reasoning for designing fair decision-making systems due to its compatibility with legal frameworks, interpretability for human stakeholders, and robustness to spurious…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Aida Rahmattalabi , Alice Xiang

We addressed the problem of a lack of semantic representation for user-centric explanations and different explanation types in our Explanation Ontology (https://purl.org/heals/eo). Such a representation is increasingly necessary as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Shruthi Chari , Oshani Seneviratne , Daniel M. Gruen , Morgan A. Foreman , Amar K. Das , Deborah L. McGuinness

Reinforcement learning is an essential paradigm for solving sequential decision problems under uncertainty. Despite many remarkable achievements in recent decades, applying reinforcement learning methods in the real world remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Zhihong Deng , Jing Jiang , Guodong Long , Chengqi Zhang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) demonstrate considerable potential in clinical diagnostics, a domain that inherently requires synthesizing complex visual and textual data alongside consulting authoritative medical literature.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Yannian Gu , Zhongzhen Huang , Linjie Mu , Xizhuo Zhang , Shaoting Zhang , Xiaofan Zhang

It has been said, arguably, that causality analysis should pave a promising way to interpretable deep learning and generalization. Incorporation of causality into artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, however, is challenged with its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-22 X. San Liang , Dake Chen , Renhe Zhang

Research in Cognitive Science suggests that humans understand and represent knowledge of the world through causal relationships. In addition to observations, they can rely on experimenting and counterfactual reasoning -- i.e. referring to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Kanvaly Fadiga , Etienne Houzé , Ada Diaconescu , Jean-Louis Dessalles

We describe basic ideas underlying research to build and understand artificially intelligent systems: from symbolic approaches via statistical learning to interventional models relying on concepts of causality. Some of the hard open…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Bernhard Schölkopf , Julius von Kügelgen

As systems are getting more autonomous with the development of artificial intelligence, it is important to discover the causal knowledge from observational sensory inputs. By encoding a series of cause-effect relations between events,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Yuhao Wang , Vlado Menkovski , Hao Wang , Xin Du , Mykola Pechenizkiy

The use of causal language in observational studies has raised concerns about overstatement in scientific communication. While some argue that such language should be reserved for randomized controlled trials, others contend that rigorous…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-08-18 Jun Wang , Bei Yu

Despite the impressive performance of vision-language models (VLMs) on downstream tasks, their ability to understand and reason about causal relationships in visual inputs remains unclear. Robust causal reasoning is fundamental to solving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zhaotian Weng , Haoxuan Li , Xin Eric Wang , Kuan-Hao Huang , Jieyu Zhao

Causal relation extraction (CRE) is central to biomedical text mining, but current resources often conflate causal relations with broader associations, restrict annotation to sentence-level examples, or focus mainly on explicit causal cues.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ifeoluwa Kunle-John , Josiah Paul , Oluwatosin Agbaakin , Peter Aina , Ikenna Odezuligbo , Sydney Anuyah

This paper introduces a causal attribution model to enhance the interpretability of large language models (LLMs) and improve their causal reasoning abilities via precise fine-tuning. Despite LLMs' proficiency in diverse tasks, their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Hengrui Cai , Shengjie Liu , Rui Song

Commonsense causality reasoning (CCR) aims at identifying plausible causes and effects in natural language descriptions that are deemed reasonable by an average person. Although being of great academic and practical interest, this problem…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Jiayao Zhang , Hongming Zhang , Weijie J. Su , Dan Roth

Causal models defined in terms of structural equations have proved to be quite a powerful way of representing knowledge regarding causality. However, a number of authors have given examples that seem to show that the Halpern-Pearl (HP)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-20 Joseph Y. Halpern

The abilities of humans to understand the world in terms of cause and effect relationships, as well as to compress information into abstract concepts, are two hallmark features of human intelligence. These two topics have been studied in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Kevin Xia , Elias Bareinboim

Many questions in computational social science rely on datasets assembled from heterogeneous online sources, a process that is often labor-intensive, costly, and difficult to reproduce. Recent advances in large language models enable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Mengyi Sun

The application of physics formulas is a fundamental human capability in numerical reasoning. While existing datasets often rely on implicit mathematical knowledge, they rarely explicitate the underlying formulas. To address this, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Xiao Li , Bolin Zhu , Kaiwen Shi , Sichen Liu , Yin Zhu , Yiwei Liu , Gong Cheng