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Bilevel optimization has found extensive applications in modern machine learning problems such as hyperparameter optimization, neural architecture search, meta-learning, etc. While bilevel problems with a unique inner minimal point (e.g.,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-09 Daouda Sow , Kaiyi Ji , Ziwei Guan , Yingbin Liang

Many optimization problems require hyperparameters, i.e., parameters that must be pre-specified in advance, such as regularization parameters and parametric regularizers in variational regularization methods for inverse problems, and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-09 Matthias J. Ehrhardt , Silvia Gazzola , Sebastian J. Scott

The article proposes an exact approach to find the global solution of a nonconvex semivectorial bilevel optimization problem, where the objective functions at each level are pseudoconvex, and the constraints are quasiconvex. Due to its…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-04-26 Tran Ngoc Thang , Dao Minh Hoang , Nguyen Viet Dung

Single-objective bilevel optimization is a specialized form of constraint optimization problems where one of the constraints is an optimization problem itself. These problems are typically non-convex and strongly NP-Hard. Recently, there…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Anuraganand Sharma

Methods for solving scientific computing and inference problems, such as kernel- and neural network-based approaches for partial differential equations (PDEs), inverse problems, and supervised learning tasks, depend crucially on the choice…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-08 Nicholas H. Nelsen , Houman Owhadi , Andrew M. Stuart , Xianjin Yang , Zongren Zou

Bilevel optimization is a fundamental tool in hierarchical decision-making and has been widely applied to machine learning tasks such as hyperparameter tuning, meta-learning, and continual learning. While significant progress has been made…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-25 Nazanin Abolfazli , Sina Sharifi , Mahyar Fazlyab , Erfan Yazdandoost Hamedani

In this paper, we study a class of stochastic bilevel optimization problems, also known as stochastic simple bilevel optimization, where we minimize a smooth stochastic objective function over the optimal solution set of another stochastic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-16 Jincheng Cao , Ruichen Jiang , Nazanin Abolfazli , Erfan Yazdandoost Hamedani , Aryan Mokhtari

In this paper, we consider a bilevel polynomial optimization problem where the objective and the constraint functions of both the upper and the lower level problems are polynomials. We present methods for finding its global minimizers and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-01-14 V. Jeyakumar , J. B. Lasserre , G. Li , T. S. Pham

In this paper, we propose two algorithms for solving convex optimization problems with linear ascending constraints. When the objective function is separable, we propose a dual method which terminates in a finite number of iterations. In…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-09-26 Zizhuo Wang

A subgradient method is presented for solving general convex optimization problems, the main requirement being that a strictly-feasible point is known. A feasible sequence of iterates is generated, which converges to within user-specified…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-05-30 James Renegar

Bilevel optimization aims to optimize an outer objective function that depends on the solution to an inner optimization problem. It is routinely used in Machine Learning, notably for hyperparameter tuning. The conventional method to compute…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Zhenzhang Ye , Gabriel Peyré , Daniel Cremers , Pierre Ablin

Bilevel optimization is an important formulation for many machine learning problems. Current bilevel optimization algorithms assume that the gradient of the upper-level function is Lipschitz. However, recent studies reveal that certain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Jie Hao , Xiaochuan Gong , Mingrui Liu

This paper studies a multiobjective bilevel optimization problem where each objective is a fractional function. By reformulating the problem into a single-level one, we establish refined necessary and sufficient optimality conditions. These…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Felipe Lara , Rishabh Pandey , Vinay Singh

Bilevel learning is a powerful optimization technique that has extensively been employed in recent years to bridge the world of model-driven variational approaches with data-driven methods. Upon suitable parametrization of the desired…

We describe inexact proximal Newton-like methods for solving degenerate regularized optimization problems and for the broader problem of finding a zero of a generalized equation that is the sum of a continuous map and a maximal monotone…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-12 Ching-pei Lee , Stephen J. Wright

With the success that the field of bilevel optimization has seen in recent years, similar methodologies have started being applied to solving more difficult applications that arise in trilevel optimization. At the helm of these applications…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-13 Tommaso Giovannelli , Griffin Dean Kent , Luis Nunes Vicente

Stochastic nonconvex optimization problems with nonlinear constraints have a broad range of applications in intelligent transportation, cyber-security, and smart grids. In this paper, first, we propose an inexact-proximal accelerated…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-08 Morteza Boroun , Afrooz Jalilzadeh

In this work, we propose different formulations and gradient-based algorithms for deterministic and stochastic bilevel problems with conflicting objectives in the lower level. Such problems have received little attention in the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-08 Tommaso Giovannelli , Griffin Dean Kent , Luis Nunes Vicente

We consider a generic min-max multi-objective bilevel optimization problem with applications in robust machine learning such as representation learning and hyperparameter optimization. We design MORBiT, a novel single-loop gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Alex Gu , Songtao Lu , Parikshit Ram , Lily Weng

In this work, we study first-order algorithms for solving Bilevel Optimization (BO) where the objective functions are smooth but possibly nonconvex in both levels and the variables are restricted to closed convex sets. As a first step, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-13 Jeongyeol Kwon , Dohyun Kwon , Stephen Wright , Robert Nowak
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