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Many large-scale constrained optimization problems can be formulated as bilevel distributed optimization tasks over undirected networks, where agents collaborate to minimize a global cost function while adhering to constraints, relying only…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Ajay Tak , Mayank Baranwal

Solving a bilevel optimization problem is at the core of several machine learning problems such as hyperparameter tuning, data denoising, meta- and few-shot learning, and training-data poisoning. Different from simultaneous or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Akshay Mehra , Jihun Hamm

In this paper, we propose a descent method for composite optimization problems with linear operators. Specifically, we first design a structure-exploiting preconditioner tailored to the linear operator so that the resulting preconditioned…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-20 Jian Chen , Xinmin Yang

We present a new algorithm for solving optimization problems with objective functions that are the sum of a smooth function and a (potentially) nonsmooth regularization function, and nonlinear equality constraints. The algorithm may be…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-12 Yutong Dai , Xiaoyi Qu , Daniel P. Robinson

This paper firstly proposes a convex bilevel optimization paradigm to formulate and optimize popular learning and vision problems in real-world scenarios. Different from conventional approaches, which directly design their iteration schemes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Risheng Liu , Long Ma , Xiaoming Yuan , Shangzhi Zeng , Jin Zhang

In this paper, we consider bilevel optimization problem where the lower-level has coupled constraints, i.e. the constraints depend both on the upper- and lower-level variables. In particular, we consider two settings for the lower-level…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-14 Xiaotian Jiang , Jiaxiang Li , Mingyi Hong , Shuzhong Zhang

Bilevel optimization is a powerful tool for many machine learning problems, such as hyperparameter optimization and meta-learning. Estimating hypergradients (also known as implicit gradients) is crucial for developing gradient-based methods…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-06 Youran Dong , Junfeng Yang , Wei Yao , Jin Zhang

We study a class of algorithms for solving bilevel optimization problems in both stochastic and deterministic settings when the inner-level objective is strongly convex. Specifically, we consider algorithms based on inexact implicit…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-12 Michael Arbel , Julien Mairal

Multilevel optimization has gained renewed interest in machine learning due to its promise in applications such as hyperparameter tuning and continual learning. However, existing methods struggle with the inherent difficulty of efficiently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Yuntian Gu , Xuzheng Chen

We present a proximal gradient method for solving convex multiobjective optimization problems, where each objective function is the sum of two convex functions, with one assumed to be continuously differentiable. The algorithm incorporates…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-18 Yunier Bello-Cruz , J. G. Melo , L. F. Prudente , R. V. G. Serra

We present a method to solve a special class of parameter identification problems for an elliptic optimal control problem to global optimality. The bilevel problem is reformulated via the optimal-value function of the lower-level problem.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-02 Markus Friedemann , Felix Harder , Gerd Wachsmuth

We present a new feasible proximal gradient method for constrained optimization where both the objective and constraint functions are given by the summation of a smooth, possibly nonconvex function and a convex simple function. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-01 Digvijay Boob , Qi Deng , Guanghui Lan

Bilevel optimization involves a hierarchical structure where one problem is nested within another, leading to complex interdependencies between levels. We propose a single-loop, tuning-free algorithm that guarantees anytime feasibility,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-15 Sina Sharifi , Erfan Yazdandoost Hamedani , Mahyar Fazlyab

Bilevel learning refers to machine learning problems that can be formulated as bilevel optimization models, where decisions are organized in a hierarchical structure. This paradigm has recently gained considerable attention in machine…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Riccardo Grazzi , Massimiliano Pontil , Saverio Salzo , Alain Zemkoho

Bi-level optimization, especially the gradient-based category, has been widely used in the deep learning community including hyperparameter optimization and meta-knowledge extraction. Bi-level optimization embeds one problem within another…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Can Chen , Xi Chen , Chen Ma , Zixuan Liu , Xue Liu

Bilevel optimization problems are receiving increasing attention in machine learning as they provide a natural framework for hyperparameter optimization and meta-learning. A key step to tackle these problems is the efficient computation of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-20 Riccardo Grazzi , Massimiliano Pontil , Saverio Salzo

Bilevel optimization provides a powerful framework for modelling hierarchical decision-making systems. This work presents a sensitivity-based algorithm that addresses the bilevel structure directly by treating the lower-level optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Eduardo Nolasco , Ross D. King , Vassilios S. Vassiliadis

For strongly convex objectives that are smooth, the classical theory of gradient descent ensures linear convergence relative to the number of gradient evaluations. An analogous nonsmooth theory is challenging. Even when the objective is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-19 X. Y. Han , Adrian S. Lewis

In this paper, we focus on the nonconvex-strongly-convex bilevel optimization problem (BLO). In this BLO, the objective function of the upper-level problem is nonconvex and possibly nonsmooth, and the lower-level problem is smooth and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-26 Xiaoyin Hu , Nachuan Xiao , Xin Liu , Kim-Chuan Toh

Conventional learning methods simplify the bilinear model by regarding two intrinsically coupled factors independently, which degrades the optimization procedure. One reason lies in the insufficient training due to the asynchronous gradient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Li'an Zhuo , Baochang Zhang , Linlin Yang , Hanlin Chen , Qixiang Ye , David Doermann , Guodong Guo , Rongrong Ji