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A joint campaign of several space-borne and ground-based observatories, such as the GREGOR solar telescope, the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS), and the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (Hinode Observing Plan 381, 11-22…

Classic solar models put the Chromosphere-Corona Transition Region (CCTR} at $\sim2$Mm above the $\tau_{5000} = 1$ level, whereas rMHD models place it in a wider range of heights. Observational verification is scarce. We review and discuss…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-08 C. E. Alissandrakis

The Sun is the only star that we can spatially resolve and it can be regarded as a fundamental plasma laboratory of astrophysics. The solar transition region (TR), the layer between the solar chromosphere and corona, plays an important role…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-05-13 Hui Tian , Eckart Marsch , Chuanyi Tu , Werner Curdt , Jiansen He

Present-day semi-empirical models of solar irradiance (SI) variations employ spectra computed on one-dimensional atmosphere models (1D models) representative of various solar surface features to reconstruct SI changes measured on timescales…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-06-14 A. Cristaldi , I. Ermolli

The brightness of the emission from coronal loops in the solar atmosphere is strongly dependent on the temperature and density of the confined plasma. After a release of energy, these loops undergo a heating and upflow phase, followed by a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-20 C. D. Johnston , S. J. Bradshaw

The Ca II H & K lines are strong chromospheric diagnostics that can be used to determine the temperature stratification and magnetic structure of the solar atmosphere. The Atacama Large Millimetre/Submillimetre Array (ALMA) offers…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-09 Sneha Pandit , Sven Wedemeyer , Mats Carlsson

Linking solar wind properties to the activities and characteristics of its source regions can enhance our understanding of its origin and generation mechanisms. Using the Mount Wilson magnetic classification (MWMC), we categorize all active…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-13 Xinzheng Shi , Hui Fu , Zhenghua Huang , Limei Yan , Qi Liu , Lidong Xia

The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array offers an unprecedented view of our Sun at sub-/millimeter wavelengths. The high spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution facilitates the measurement of gas temperatures and magnetic fields…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-02-18 Sven Wedemeyer , Asbjorn Parmer

Results of numerical 3D simulations of propagation of acoustic waves inside the Sun are presented. A linear 3D code which utilizes realistic OPAL equation of state was developed by authors. Modified convectively stable standard solar model…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 K. V. Parchevsky , A. G. Kosovichev

We analyze data from the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI) and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) instruments on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) to characterize the spatio-temporal acoustic power distribution in active…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-06 S. C. Tripathy , K. Jain , S. Kholikov , F. Hill , S. P. Rajaguru , P. S. Cally

The 3D structure of an active region (AR) filament is studied using nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) extrapolations based on simultaneous observations at a photospheric and a chromospheric height. To that end, we used the Si I 10827 \AA\…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 L. Yelles Chaouche , C. Kuckein , V. Martínez Pillet , F. Moreno-Insertis

Solar observations at sub-mm, mm and cm wavelengths offer a straightforward diagnostic of physical conditions in the solar atmosphere because they yield measurement of brightness temperature which, for optically thick features, equals…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-07 Costas Alissandrakis , Timothy Bastian , Roman Brajša

Line-of-sight magnetograms for 217 active regions (ARs) of different flare rate observed at the solar disk center from January 1997 until December 2006 are utilized to study the turbulence regime and its relationship to the flare…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Valentyna Abramenko , Vasyl Yurchyshyn

Models for the evolution of the solar coronal magnetic field are vital for understanding solar activity, yet the best measurements of magnetic field lie at the photosphere, necessitating the development of coronal models which are…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-05 James E. Leake , Mark G. Linton , Peter W. Schuck

High-resolution observations of the solar chromosphere at millimeter wavelengths are now possible with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), promising to tackle many open problems in solar physics. Observations from other ground and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-12 João M. da Silva Santos , Jaime de la Cruz Rodríguez , Jorrit Leenaarts

Dating back to the first observations of the on-disk corona, there has been a qualitative link between the photosphere's magnetic network and enhanced transition-temperature plasma emission. These observations led to the development of a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-15 Donald Schmit , Bart De Pontieu

Our aim is to test potential solar prominence plasma diagnostics as obtained with the new solar capability of the Atacama Large Millimeter / submillimeter Array (ALMA). We investigate the thermal and plasma diagnostic potential of ALMA for…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-13 Andrew S Rodger , Nicolas Labrosse

We begin here a series of papers examining the chromospheric and coronal properties of solar active regions. This first paper describes an extensive dataset of images from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on the Solar Dynamics Observatory…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-25 Karin Dissauer , KD Leka , Eric L. Wagner

We report the discovery of a brightness enhancement in the center of a large sunspot umbra at a wavelength of 3 mm using the Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA). Sunspots are amongst the most prominent features on the solar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-05-31 Kazumasa Iwai , Maria Loukitcheva , Masumi Shimojo , Sami K. Solanki , Stephen M. White

We have shown previously that SOHO/UVCS data allow us to detect active region (AR) outflows at coronal altitudes higher than those reached by other instrumentation. These outflows are thought to be a component of the slow solar wind. Our…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-07 L. Zangrilli , G. Poletto