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Generative adversarial networks (GANs) and normalizing flows are both approaches to density estimation that use deep neural networks to transform samples from an uninformative prior distribution to an approximation of the data distribution.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Tianci Liu , Jeffrey Regier

Deep neural networks have attained remarkable performance when applied to data that comes from the same distribution as that of the training set, but can significantly degrade otherwise. Therefore, detecting whether an example is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Yen-Chang Hsu , Yilin Shen , Hongxia Jin , Zsolt Kira

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) can implicitly learn rich distributions over images, audio, and data which are hard to model with an explicit likelihood. We present a practical Bayesian formulation for unsupervised and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-09 Yunus Saatchi , Andrew Gordon Wilson

High-quality recordings of radio frequency (RF) emissions from commercial communication hardware in realistic environments are often needed to develop and assess spectrum-sharing technologies and practices, e.g., for training and testing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-21 Jack Sklar , Adam Wunderlich

While standard generative adversarial networks (GANs) rely solely on training data to learn unknown probability distributions, physics-informed GANs (PI-GANs) encode physical laws in the form of stochastic partial differential equations…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-11 James E. Warner , Julian Cuevas , Geoffrey F. Bomarito , Patrick E. Leser , William P. Leser

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are one of the greatest advances in AI in recent years. With their ability to directly learn the probability distribution of data, and then sample synthetic realistic data. Many applications have…

This paper presents a novel framework for aligning learnable latent spaces to arbitrary target distributions by leveraging flow-based generative models as priors. Our method first pretrains a flow model on the target features to capture the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yizhuo Li , Yuying Ge , Yixiao Ge , Ying Shan , Ping Luo

A fundamental and still largely unsolved question in the context of Generative Adversarial Networks is whether they are truly able to capture the real data distribution and, consequently, to sample from it. In particular, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Ricard Durall , Janis Keuper

Supervised learning, while deployed in real-life scenarios, often encounters instances of unknown classes. Conventional algorithms for training a supervised learning model do not provide an option to detect such instances, so they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Jun Zhuang , Mohammad Al Hasan

We consider statistical tasks in high dimensions whose loss depends on the data only through its projection into a fixed-dimensional subspace spanned by the parameter vectors and certain ground truth vectors. This includes classifying…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-23 Reza Gheissari , Aukosh Jagannath

Many neural network-based out-of-distribution (OoD) detection methods have been proposed. However, they require many training data for each target task. We propose a simple yet effective meta-learning method to detect OoD with small…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-22 Tomoharu Iwata , Atsutoshi Kumagai

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have become a popular method to learn a probability model from data. In this paper, we aim to provide an understanding of some of the basic issues surrounding GANs including their formulation,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-23 Soheil Feizi , Farzan Farnia , Tony Ginart , David Tse

Neural networks trained with standard objectives exhibit behaviors characteristic of probabilistic inference: soft clustering, prototype specialization, and Bayesian uncertainty tracking. These phenomena appear across architectures -- in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Alan Oursland

Recent successes in Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) have affirmed the importance of using more data in GAN training. Yet it is expensive to collect data in many domains such as medical applications. Data Augmentation (DA) has been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Ngoc-Trung Tran , Viet-Hung Tran , Ngoc-Bao Nguyen , Trung-Kien Nguyen , Ngai-Man Cheung

Generative adversarial networks (GANs), a class of distribution-learning methods based on a two-player game between a generator and a discriminator, can generally be formulated as a minmax problem based on the variational representation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Jeremiah Birrell , Markos A. Katsoulakis , Luc Rey-Bellet , Wei Zhu

Implicit Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved significant success in addressing graph learning problems recently. However, poorly designed implicit GNN layers may have limited adaptability to learn graph metrics, experience…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Guoji Fu , Mohammed Haroon Dupty , Yanfei Dong , Lee Wee Sun

Traditional generative adversarial networks (GAN) and many of its variants are trained by minimizing the KL or JS-divergence loss that measures how close the generated data distribution is from the true data distribution. A recent advance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-18 Felix Juefei-Xu , Vishnu Naresh Boddeti , Marios Savvides

We propose the characteristic generator, a novel one-step generative model that combines the efficiency of sampling in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) with the stable performance of flow-based models. Our model is driven by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Zhao Ding , Chenguang Duan , Yuling Jiao , Ruoxuan Li , Jerry Zhijian Yang , Pingwen Zhang

A common explanation for the failure of deep networks to generalize out-of-distribution is that they fail to recover the "correct" features. We challenge this notion with a simple experiment which suggests that ERM already learns sufficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Elan Rosenfeld , Pradeep Ravikumar , Andrej Risteski

Understanding the behavior of stochastic gradient methods is a central problem in modern machine learning. Recent work has highlighted diagonal linear networks as a simplified yet expressive setting for analyzing the optimization and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Begoña García Malaxechebarría , Courtney Paquette , Maryam Fazel , Dmitriy Drusvyatskiy