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Image captioning has drawn considerable attention from the natural language processing and computer vision fields. Aiming to reduce the reliance on curated data, several studies have explored image captioning without any humanly-annotated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Rui Fonseca , Bruno Martins , Gil Rocha

Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown exceptional language generation capabilities in response to text-based prompts. However, controlling the direction of generation via textual prompts has been challenging, especially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Rohan Deepak Ajwani , Zining Zhu , Jonathan Rose , Frank Rudzicz

Generative models have received a lot of attention in many areas of academia and the industry. Their capabilities span many areas, from the invention of images given a prompt to the generation of concrete code to solve a certain programming…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Pere-Pau Vázquez

This work presents CLIPDraw, an algorithm that synthesizes novel drawings based on natural language input. CLIPDraw does not require any training; rather a pre-trained CLIP language-image encoder is used as a metric for maximizing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Kevin Frans , L. B. Soros , Olaf Witkowski

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) extend the success of language models to visual understanding, and recent efforts have sought to build unified MLLMs that support both understanding and generation. However, constructing such models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Hanyu Wang , Jiaming Han , Ziyan Yang , Qi Zhao , Shanchuan Lin , Xiangyu Yue , Abhinav Shrivastava , Zhenheng Yang , Hao Chen

It is widely agreed that open-vocabulary-based approaches outperform classical closed-set training solutions for recognizing unseen objects in images for semantic segmentation. Existing open-vocabulary approaches leverage vision-language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Huadong Tang , Youpeng Zhao , Yan Huang , Min Xu , Jun Wang , Qiang Wu

Real-world multimodal applications often require any-to-any capabilities, enabling both understanding and generation across modalities including text, image, audio, and video. However, integrating the strengths of autoregressive language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Jiulin Li , Ping Huang , Yexin Li , Shuo Chen , Juewen Hu , Ye Tian

Visual metaphors are powerful rhetorical devices used to persuade or communicate creative ideas through images. Similar to linguistic metaphors, they convey meaning implicitly through symbolism and juxtaposition of the symbols. We propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Tuhin Chakrabarty , Arkadiy Saakyan , Olivia Winn , Artemis Panagopoulou , Yue Yang , Marianna Apidianaki , Smaranda Muresan

While state-of-the-art image generation models achieve remarkable visual quality, their internal generative processes remain a "black box." This opacity limits human observation and intervention, and poses a barrier to ensuring model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Young Kyung Kim , Oded Schlesinger , Yuzhou Zhao , J. Matias Di Martino , Guillermo Sapiro

The stories and characters that captivate us as we grow up shape unique fantasy worlds, with images serving as the primary medium for visually experiencing these realms. Personalizing generative models through fine-tuning with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yuxin Zhang , Minyan Luo , Weiming Dong , Xiao Yang , Haibin Huang , Chongyang Ma , Oliver Deussen , Tong-Yee Lee , Changsheng Xu

Image captioning is an important problem in developing various AI systems, and these tasks require large volumes of annotated images to train the models. Since all existing labelled datasets are already used for training the large Vision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Parag Dutta , Ambedkar Dukkipati

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) offers scalable methods for algorithmically creating complex, customizable worlds. However, controlling these pipelines requires the precise configuration of opaque technical parameters. We propose a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Lim Chien Her , Ming Yan , Yunshu Bai , Ruihao Li , Hao Zhang

Cutting and pasting image segments feels intuitive: the choice of source templates gives artists flexibility in recombining existing source material. Formally, this process takes an image set as input and outputs a collage of the set…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Nikolay Jetchev , Urs Bergmann , Gökhan Yildirim

Diffusion models have demonstrated high-quality performance in conditional text-to-image generation, particularly with structural cues such as edges, layouts, and depth. However, lighting conditions have received limited attention and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Ryugo Morita , Stanislav Frolov , Brian Bernhard Moser , Ko Watanabe , Riku Takahashi , Andreas Dengel

Text-to-image generation has made significant advancements with the introduction of text-to-image diffusion models. These models typically consist of a language model that interprets user prompts and a vision model that generates…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Shihao Zhao , Shaozhe Hao , Bojia Zi , Huaizhe Xu , Kwan-Yee K. Wong

Recent breakthroughs in Large Language Models (LLMs), such as GPT-3 and Codex, now enable software developers to generate code based on a natural language prompt. Within computer science education, researchers are exploring the potential…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Stephen MacNeil , Andrew Tran , Juho Leinonen , Paul Denny , Joanne Kim , Arto Hellas , Seth Bernstein , Sami Sarsa

Knowledge-based visual question answering (VQA) involves questions that require world knowledge beyond the image to yield the correct answer. Large language models (LMs) like GPT-3 are particularly helpful for this task because of their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Yushi Hu , Hang Hua , Zhengyuan Yang , Weijia Shi , Noah A Smith , Jiebo Luo

Natural Language Generation (NLG) accepts input data in the form of images, videos, or text and generates corresponding natural language text as output. Existing NLG methods mainly adopt a supervised approach and rely heavily on coupled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Bang Yang , Fenglin Liu , Yuexian Zou , Xian Wu , Yaowei Wang , David A. Clifton

Text to Image Synthesis refers to the process of automatic generation of a photo-realistic image starting from a given text and is revolutionizing many real-world applications. In order to perform such process it is necessary to exploit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Marco Menardi , Alex Falcon , Saida S. Mohamed , Lorenzo Seidenari , Giuseppe Serra , Alberto Del Bimbo , Carlo Tasso

Training image captioning models using teacher forcing results in very generic samples, whereas more distinctive captions can be very useful in retrieval applications or to produce alternative texts describing images for accessibility.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Antoine Chaffin , Ewa Kijak , Vincent Claveau
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