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Enabling farmers to access accurate agriculture-related information in their native languages in a timely manner is crucial for the success of the agriculture field. Publicly available general-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs) typically…

Much of the existing linguistic data in many languages of the world is locked away in non-digitized books and documents. Optical character recognition (OCR) can be used to produce digitized text, and previous work has demonstrated the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Shruti Rijhwani , Daisy Rosenblum , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Graham Neubig

Recent progress in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has substantially improved document understanding, yet strong optical character recognition (OCR) performance on surface metrics does not guarantee faithful preservation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yueru He , Xueqing Peng , Yupeng Cao , Yan Wang , Lingfei Qian , Haohang Li , Yi Han , Shuyao Wang , Ruoyu Xiang , Fan Zhang , Zhuohan Xie , Mingquan Lin , Prayag Tiwari , Jimin Huang , Guojun Xiong , Sophia Ananiadou

This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of large language model (LLM) research directions within Indic languages. Indic languages are those spoken in the Indian subcontinent, including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Sankalp KJ , Vinija Jain , Sreyoshi Bhaduri , Tamoghna Roy , Aman Chadha

Assessing the capabilities and limitations of large language models (LLMs) has garnered significant interest, yet the evaluation of multiple models in real-world scenarios remains rare. Multilingual evaluation often relies on translated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Varun Gumma , Ananditha Raghunath , Mohit Jain , Sunayana Sitaram

Recent advancements in multimodal slow-thinking systems have demonstrated remarkable performance across various visual reasoning tasks. However, their capabilities in text-rich image reasoning tasks remain understudied due to the absence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Mingxin Huang , Yongxin Shi , Dezhi Peng , Songxuan Lai , Zecheng Xie , Lianwen Jin

The recent advances in deep-learning have led to the development of highly sophisticated systems with an unquenchable appetite for data. On the other hand, building good deep-learning models for low-resource languages remains a challenging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Maithili Sabane , Onkar Litake , Aman Chadha

Sanskrit, one of humanity's most ancient languages, has a vast collection of books and manuscripts on diverse topics that have been accumulated over millennia. However, its digital content (audio and text), which is vital for the training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Bidit Sadhukhan , Swami Punyeshwarananda

We study the effect of applying a language model (LM) on the output of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems for Indic languages. We fine-tune wav2vec $2.0$ models for $18$ Indic languages and adjust the results with language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Ankur Dhuriya , Harveen Singh Chadha , Anirudh Gupta , Priyanshi Shah , Neeraj Chhimwal , Rishabh Gaur , Vivek Raghavan

The development of robust AI models relies heavily on the quality and variety of training data available. In fields where data scarcity is prevalent, synthetic data generation offers a vital solution. In this paper, we introduce a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Elin Törnquist , Robert Alexander Caulk

In this paper, we report the results of the TeamNRC's participation in the BHASHA-Task 1 Grammatical Error Correction shared task https://github.com/BHASHA-Workshop/IndicGEC2025/ for 5 Indian languages. Our approach, focusing on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Sowmya Vajjala

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced Text-to-SQL performance, existing benchmarks predominantly focus on Western contexts and simplified schemas, leaving a gap in real-world, non-Western applications. We present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Aviral Dawar , Roshan Karanth , Vikram Goyal , Dhruv Kumar

Despite the existence of numerous Optical Character Recognition (OCR) tools, the lack of comprehensive open-source systems hampers the progress of document digitization in various low-resource languages, including Bengali. Low-resource…

A crucial component for the scene text based reasoning required for TextVQA and TextCaps datasets involve detecting and recognizing text present in the images using an optical character recognition (OCR) system. The current systems are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Amanpreet Singh , Guan Pang , Mandy Toh , Jing Huang , Wojciech Galuba , Tal Hassner

In this paper, we study pre-trained sequence-to-sequence models for a group of related languages, with a focus on Indic languages. We present IndicBART, a multilingual, sequence-to-sequence pre-trained model focusing on 11 Indic languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Raj Dabre , Himani Shrotriya , Anoop Kunchukuttan , Ratish Puduppully , Mitesh M. Khapra , Pratyush Kumar

This paper presents an end-to-end suite for multilingual information extraction and processing from image-based documents. The system uses Optical Character Recognition (Tesseract) to extract text in languages such as English, Hindi, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Hrishit Madhavi , Jacob Cherian , Yuvraj Khamkar , Dhananjay Bhagat

Known by more than 1.5 billion people in the Indian subcontinent, Indic languages present unique challenges and opportunities for natural language processing (NLP) research due to their rich cultural heritage, linguistic diversity, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Sankalp KJ , Ashutosh Kumar , Laxmaan Balaji , Nikunj Kotecha , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha , Sreyoshi Bhaduri

Large language models recall knowledge reliably in English but often fail on the same query posed in a lower-resourced language -- a crosslingual consistency gap that remains underexplored for Indian languages and their code-mixed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Debajyoti Mazumder , Divyansh Pathak , Prashant Kodali , Aditya Joshi , Akshay Agarwal , Jasabanta Patro

This paper presents a complete Optical Character Recognition (OCR) system for camera captured image/graphics embedded textual documents for handheld devices. At first, text regions are extracted and skew corrected. Then, these regions are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2011-09-16 Ayatullah Faruk Mollah , Nabamita Majumder , Subhadip Basu , Mita Nasipuri

With the rise of multimodal large language models, accurately extracting and understanding textual information from video content, referred to as video based optical character recognition (Video OCR), has become a crucial capability. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Yulin Fei , Yuhui Gao , Xingyuan Xian , Xiaojin Zhang , Tao Wu , Wei Chen
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