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Evaluating instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) in Hindi is challenging due to a lack of high-quality benchmarks, as direct translation of English datasets fails to capture crucial linguistic and cultural nuances. To address this,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Anusha Kamath , Kanishk Singla , Rakesh Paul , Raviraj Joshi , Utkarsh Vaidya , Sanjay Singh Chauhan , Niranjan Wartikar

We present Vakyansh, an end to end toolkit for Speech Recognition in Indic languages. India is home to almost 121 languages and around 125 crore speakers. Yet most of the languages are low resource in terms of data and pretrained models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Harveen Singh Chadha , Anirudh Gupta , Priyanshi Shah , Neeraj Chhimwal , Ankur Dhuriya , Rishabh Gaur , Vivek Raghavan

India's linguistic landscape is one of the most diverse in the world, comprising over 120 major languages and approximately 1,600 additional languages, with 22 officially recognized as scheduled languages in the Indian Constitution. Despite…

Language models are useful adjuncts to optical models for producing accurate optical character recognition (OCR) results. One factor which limits the power of language models in this context is the existence of many specialized domains with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Peter Garst , Reeve Ingle , Yasuhisa Fujii

Contrary to popular belief, Optical Character Recognition (OCR) remains a challenging problem when text occurs in unconstrained environments, like natural scenes, due to geometrical distortions, complex backgrounds, and diverse fonts. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Marcin Namysl , Iuliu Konya

Recent methods in speech and language technology pretrain very LARGE models which are fine-tuned for specific tasks. However, the benefits of such LARGE models are often limited to a few resource rich languages of the world. In this work,…

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is one of the important fields in image processing and pattern recognition domain. Handwritten character recognition has always been a challenging task. Only a little work can be traced towards the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-01-03 H. R. Mamatha , S. Karthik , Murthy K. Srikanta

The development of robust transliteration techniques to enhance the effectiveness of transforming Romanized scripts into native scripts is crucial for Natural Language Processing tasks, including sentiment analysis, speech recognition,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Kanchon Gharami , Quazi Sarwar Muhtaseem , Deepti Gupta , Lavanya Elluri , Shafika Showkat Moni

This report evaluates the performance of text-in text-out Large Language Models (LLMs) to understand and generate Indic languages. This evaluation is used to identify and prioritize Indic languages suited for inclusion in safety benchmarks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Aatman Vaidya , Tarunima Prabhakar , Denny George , Swair Shah

Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive generalization across multimodal tasks, yet most evaluation benchmarks remain Western-centric, leaving open questions about their performance in culturally diverse and multilingual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Ali Faraz , Akash , Shaharukh Khan , Raja Kolla , Akshat Patidar , Suranjan Goswami , Abhinav Ravi , Chandra Khatri , Shubham Agarwal

This study investigates the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly GPT-4o, for Optical Character Recognition (OCR) in low-resource scripts such as Urdu, Albanian, and Tajik, with English serving as a benchmark. Using a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Muhammad Abdullah Sohail , Salaar Masood , Hamza Iqbal

One of the biggest challenges in machine learning is data collection. Training data is an important part since it determines how the model will behave. In object classification, capturing a large number of images per object and in different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-12 August Baaz , Yonan Yonan , Kevin Hernandez-Diaz , Fernando Alonso-Fernandez , Felix Nilsson

The Latin script is often used to informally write languages with non-Latin native scripts. In many cases (e.g., most languages in India), the lack of conventional spelling in the Latin script results in high spelling variability. Such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Adrian Benton , Alexander Gutkin , Christo Kirov , Brian Roark

A Kannada OCR, named Lipi Gnani, has been designed and developed from scratch, with the motivation of it being able to convert printed text or poetry in Kannada script, without any restriction on vocabulary. The training and test sets have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-03 Shiva Kumar H R , Ramakrishnan A G

Large models have recently played a dominant role in natural language processing and multimodal vision-language learning. However, their effectiveness in text-related visual tasks remains relatively unexplored. In this paper, we conducted a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Yuliang Liu , Zhang Li , Mingxin Huang , Biao Yang , Wenwen Yu , Chunyuan Li , Xucheng Yin , Cheng-lin Liu , Lianwen Jin , Xiang Bai

While large language models excel on high-resource multilingual tasks, low- and extremely low-resource Indic languages remain severely under-evaluated. We present IndicParam, a human-curated benchmark of over 13,000 multiple-choice…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ayush Maheshwari , Kaushal Sharma , Vivek Patel , Aditya Maheshwari

Automatic evaluation of translation remains a challenging task owing to the orthographic, morphological, syntactic and semantic richness and divergence observed across languages. String-based metrics such as BLEU have previously been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Arafat Ahsan , Vandan Mujadia , Pruthwik Mishra , Yash Bhaskar , Dipti Misra Sharma

Current evaluation benchmarks for question answering (QA) in Indic languages often rely on machine translation of existing English datasets. This approach suffers from bias and inaccuracies inherent in machine translation, leading to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Vaishak Narayanan , Prabin Raj KP , Saifudheen Nouphal

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) has been a topic of interest for many years. It is defined as the process of digitizing a document image into its constituent characters. Despite decades of intense research, developing OCR with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-10-17 Noman Islam , Zeeshan Islam , Nazia Noor

Establishing visual correspondences under large intra-class variations, which is often referred to as semantic correspondence or semantic matching, remains a challenging problem in computer vision. Despite its significance, however, most of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-29 Juhong Min , Jongmin Lee , Jean Ponce , Minsu Cho