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Related papers: Hypothesis Testing in Sequentially Sampled Data: A…

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Randomized experiments ensure robust causal inference that are critical to effective learning analytics research and practice. However, traditional randomized experiments, like A/B tests, are limiting in large scale digital learning…

Applications · Statistics 2019-02-04 Timothy NeCamp , Josh Gardner , Christopher Brooks

Response-adaptive clinical trial designs allow targeting a given objective by skewing the allocation of participants to treatments based on observed outcomes. Response-adaptive designs face greater regulatory scrutiny due to potential type…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-19 Stef Baas , Peter Jacko , Sofía S. Villar

Adaptive experiments, including efficient average treatment effect estimation and multi-armed bandit algorithms, have garnered attention in various applications, such as social experiments, clinical trials, and online advertisement…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-24 Masahiro Kato

Adaptive experiments such as multi-armed bandits offer efficiency gains over traditional randomized experiments but pose two major challenges: invalid inference on the Average Treatment Effect (ATE) due to adaptive sampling and low…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-16 Daniel Molitor , Samantha Gold

In recent work, Azadkia and Chatterjee (2021) laid out an ingenious approach to defining consistent measures of conditional dependence. Their fully nonparametric approach forms statistics based on ranks and nearest neighbor graphs. The…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-09-26 Hongjian Shi , Mathias Drton , Fang Han

Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) offers an efficient and personalized method for assessing examinee proficiency by dynamically adjusting test questions based on individual performance. Compared to traditional, non-personalized testing…

Adapting the final sample size of a trial to the evidence accruing during the trial is a natural way to address planning uncertainty. Designs with adaptive sample size need to account for their optional stopping to guarantee strict type-I…

Covariate-adaptive randomization (CAR) procedures are frequently used in comparative studies to increase the covariate balance across treatment groups. However, because randomization inevitably uses the covariate information when forming…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-07-08 Wei Ma , Yichen Qin , Yang Li , Feifang Hu

External controls from historical trials or observational data can augment randomized controlled trials when large-scale randomization is impractical or unethical, such as in drug evaluation for rare diseases. However, non-randomized…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-08 Ke Zhu , Shu Yang , Xiaofei Wang

Scientific experimentation is largely driven by statistical hypothesis testing to determine significant differences in interventions. Traditionally, experimenters allocate samples uniformly between each intervention. However, such an…

Response-adaptive randomization (RAR) has been studied extensively in conventional, single-stage clinical trials, where it has been shown to yield ethical and statistical benefits, especially in trials with many treatment arms. However, RAR…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-09 Peter Norwood , Marie Davidian , Eric Laber

Computer Adaptive Testing (CAT) aims to accurately estimate an individual's ability using only a subset of an Item Response Theory (IRT) instrument. Many applications also require diverse item exposure across testing sessions, preventing…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-01 Tina Su , Edison Choe , Joshua C. Chang

Adaptive experiments such as multi-arm bandits adapt the treatment-allocation policy and/or the decision to stop the experiment to the data observed so far. This has the potential to improve outcomes for study participants within the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-03 Aurélien Bibaut , Nathan Kallus

In randomized clinical trials, adjustments for baseline covariates at both design and analysis stages are highly encouraged by regulatory agencies. A recent trend is to use a model-assisted approach for covariate adjustment to gain…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-14 Ting Ye , Jun Shao , Yanyao Yi , Qingyuan Zhao

Conjoint analysis is a popular experimental design used to measure multidimensional preferences. Researchers examine how varying a factor of interest, while controlling for other relevant factors, influences decision-making. Currently,…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-20 Dae Woong Ham , Kosuke Imai , Lucas Janson

Traditional randomized A/B experiments assign arms with uniform random (UR) probability, such as 50/50 assignment to two versions of a website to discover whether one version engages users more. To more quickly and automatically use data to…

Response adaptive randomization (RAR) is appealing from methodological, ethical, and pragmatic perspectives in the sense that subjects are more likely to be randomized to better performing treatment groups based on accumulating data.…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-03 Tianyu Zhan , Lu Cui , Ziqian Geng , Lanju Zhang , Yihua Gu , Ivan S. F. Chan

We consider the problem of multiple hypothesis testing with generic side information: for each hypothesis $H_i$ we observe both a p-value $p_i$ and some predictor $x_i$ encoding contextual information about the hypothesis. For large-scale…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-07-26 Lihua Lei , William Fithian

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with binary primary endpoints introduce novel challenges for inferring the causal effects of treatments. The most significant challenge is non-collapsibility, in which the conditional odds ratio estimand…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-01 Yunfan Li , Arman Sabbaghi , Jonathan R. Walsh , Charles K. Fisher

We propose an adaptive sampling approach for multiple testing which aims to maximize statistical power while ensuring anytime false discovery control. We consider $n$ distributions whose means are partitioned by whether they are below or…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-18 Kevin Jamieson , Lalit Jain