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Adaptive Random Testing (ART) has faced criticism, particularly for its computational inefficiency, as highlighted by Arcuri and Briand. Their analysis clarified how ART requires a quadratic number of distance computations as the number of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Matteo Biagiola , Robert Feldt , Paolo Tonella

Randomization tests are widely used to generate finite-sample valid $p$-values for causal inference on experimental data. However, when applied to subgroup analysis, these tests may lack power due to small subgroup sizes. Incorporating a…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-01 Yao Zhang , Zijun Gao

Identifying the relevant variables for a classification model with correct confidence levels is a central but difficult task in high-dimension. Despite the core role of sparse logistic regression in statistics and machine learning, it still…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-05-31 Binh T. Nguyen , Bertrand Thirion , Sylvain Arlot

This paper proposes Bayesian Adaptive Trials (BAT) as both an efficient method to conduct trials and a unifying framework for evaluation social policy interventions, addressing limitations inherent in traditional methods such as Randomized…

Adaptive interventions (AIs) are increasingly becoming popular in medical and behavioral sciences. An AI is a sequence of individualized intervention options that specify for whom and under what conditions different intervention options…

Applications · Statistics 2018-12-18 Palash Ghosh , Inbal Nahum-Shani , Bonnie Spring , Bibhas Chakraborty

A practical limitation of cluster randomized controlled trials (cRCTs) is that the number of available clusters may be small, resulting in an increased risk of baseline imbalance under simple randomization. Constrained randomization…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-01-19 Yunji Zhou , Elizabeth L. Turner , Ryan A. Simmons , Fan Li

Switchback experiments--alternating treatment and control over time--are widely used when unit-level randomization is infeasible, outcomes are aggregated, or user interference is unavoidable. In practice, experimentation must support fast…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-27 Jizhou Liu , Liang Zhong

The model-X conditional randomization test (CRT) is a flexible and powerful testing procedure for the conditional independence hypothesis: X is independent of Y conditioning on Z. Though having many attractive properties, the model-X CRT…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-02 Shuangning Li , Molei Liu

Adaptive random testing (ART) improves the failure-detection effectiveness of random testing by leveraging properties of the clustering of failure-causing inputs of most faulty programs: ART uses a sampling mechanism that evenly spreads…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Muhammad Ashfaq , Rubing Huang , Dave Towey , Michael Omari , Dmitry Yashunin , Patrick Kwaku Kudjo , Tao Zhang

We design and implement an adaptive experiment (a ``contextual bandit'') to learn a targeted treatment assignment policy, where the goal is to use a participant's survey responses to determine which charity to expose them to in a donation…

Randomized experiments play a major role in data-driven decision making across many different fields and disciplines. In medicine, for example, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the backbone of clinical trial methodology for testing…

Applications · Statistics 2016-08-30 Andrew W. Correia

Adaptive experiments use preliminary analyses of the data to inform further course of action and are commonly used in many disciplines including medical and social sciences. Because the null hypothesis and experimental design are…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-26 Tobias Freidling , Qingyuan Zhao , Zijun Gao

Multi-arm bandit experimental designs are increasingly being adopted over standard randomized trials due to their potential to improve outcomes for study participants, enable faster identification of the best-performing options, and/or…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-04 Brian M Cho , Aurélien Bibaut , Nathan Kallus

When an experimenter has the option of running an adaptive trial, is it admissible to ignore this option and run a non-adaptive trial instead? We provide a negative answer to this question in the best-arm identification problem, where the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-06 Guido Imbens , Chao Qin , Stefan Wager

This paper proposes an adaptive random experiment design (ARED) algorithm that can be applied to optimize the multiple factors and levels experiments. The algorithm takes real-time model error as the adaptive condition, and outputs a model…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-01 Zhou Qiao , Duan Xiaochang , Tang Wei

Standardization has been a widely adopted practice in multiple testing, for it takes into account the variability in sampling and makes the test statistics comparable across different study units. However, despite conventional wisdom to the…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-03-09 Luella Fu , Bowen Gang , Gareth M. James , Wenguang Sun

Randomization tests and flexible treatment-effect models offer complementary strengths for analyzing data from randomized panel experiments: the former provide valid inference under the known assignment mechanism, while the latter can…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-12 Fangnan Zheng , Yao Zhang

Model-X approaches to testing conditional independence between a predictor and an outcome variable given a vector of covariates usually assume exact knowledge of the conditional distribution of the predictor given the covariates.…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-10 Ziang Niu , Abhinav Chakraborty , Oliver Dukes , Eugene Katsevich

We propose an adaptive sequential framework for testing two simple hypotheses that analytically ensures finite exposure to the less effective treatment. Our proposed procedure employs a likelihood ratio-driven adaptive allocation rule,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-26 Sampurna Kundu , Jayant Jha , Subir Kumar Bhandari

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are increasingly prevalent in education research, and are often regarded as a gold standard of causal inference. Two main virtues of randomized experiments are that they (1) do not suffer from…