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Bilevel Optimization has witnessed notable progress recently with new emerging efficient algorithms. However, its application in the Federated Learning setting remains relatively underexplored, and the impact of Federated Learning's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Junyi Li , Feihu Huang , Heng Huang

Federated Learning (FL) provides decentralised model training, which effectively tackles problems such as distributed data and privacy preservation. However, the generalisation of global models frequently faces challenges from data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Ozgu Goksu , Nicolas Pugeault

Bilevel optimization has been applied to a wide variety of machine learning models, and numerous stochastic bilevel optimization algorithms have been developed in recent years. However, most existing algorithms restrict their focus on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Hongchang Gao , Bin Gu , My T. Thai

Bilevel optimization has been successfully applied to many important machine learning problems. Algorithms for solving bilevel optimization have been studied under various settings. In this paper, we study the nonconvex-strongly-convex…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-14 Xuxing Chen , Minhui Huang , Shiqian Ma

In this letter, we consider a bilevel optimization problem in which the outer-level objective function is strongly convex, whereas the inner-level problem consists of a finite sum of convex functions. Bilevel optimization problems arise in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-22 Sudkobfa Boontawee , Mootta Prangprakhon , Nimit Nimana

Federated Learning (FL) enables decentralised model training across distributed clients without requiring data centralisation. However, the generalisation performance of the global model is usually degraded by data heterogeneity across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Ozgu Goksu , Nicolas Pugeault

Recently, compositional optimization (CO) has gained popularity because of its applications in distributionally robust optimization (DRO) and many other machine learning problems. Large-scale and distributed availability of data demands the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Prashant Khanduri , Chengyin Li , Rafi Ibn Sultan , Yao Qiang , Joerg Kliewer , Dongxiao Zhu

Gradient-based optimization has been critical to the success of machine learning, updating a single set of parameters to minimize a single loss. A growing number of applications rely on a generalization of this, where we have a bilevel or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jonathan Lorraine

Two-level stochastic optimization formulations have become instrumental in a number of machine learning contexts such as continual learning, neural architecture search, adversarial learning, and hyperparameter tuning. Practical stochastic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-08 Tommaso Giovannelli , Griffin Dean Kent , Luis Nunes Vicente

Federated Learning (FL) is a privacy-protected machine learning paradigm that allows model to be trained directly at the edge without uploading data. One of the biggest challenges faced by FL in practical applications is the heterogeneity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Zirui Zhu , Ziyi Ye

Federated learning with heterogeneous clients remains a significant challenge for deep learning, primarily due to client drift arising from inconsistent local updates. Existing federated optimization methods typically address this issue…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Junye Du , Zhenghao Li , Yushi Feng , Long Feng

Stochastic nested optimization, including stochastic compositional, min-max and bilevel optimization, is gaining popularity in many machine learning applications. While the three problems share the nested structure, existing works often…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-28 Tianyi Chen , Yuejiao Sun , Wotao Yin

A widely recognized difficulty in federated learning arises from the statistical heterogeneity among clients: local datasets often originate from distinct yet not entirely unrelated probability distributions, and personalization is,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-12 Shuxiao Chen , Qinqing Zheng , Qi Long , Weijie J. Su

Bilevel optimization is a central tool in machine learning for high-dimensional hyperparameter tuning. Its applications are vast; for instance, in imaging it can be used for learning data-adaptive regularizers and optimizing forward…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Mohammad Sadegh Salehi , Subhadip Mukherjee , Lindon Roberts , Matthias J. Ehrhardt

Federated Learning (FL) facilitates the fine-tuning of Foundation Models (FMs) using distributed data sources, with Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) gaining popularity due to its low communication costs and strong performance. While recent work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zihao Peng , Jiandian Zeng , Boyuan Li , Guo Li , Shengbo Chen , Tian Wang

Bilevel optimization has been recently used in many machine learning problems such as hyperparameter optimization, policy optimization, and meta learning. Although many bilevel optimization methods have been proposed, they still suffer from…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-27 Feihu Huang , Junyi Li , Shangqian Gao , Heng Huang

Federated Learning (FL) is a collaborative method for training models while preserving data privacy in decentralized settings. However, FL encounters challenges related to data heterogeneity, which can result in performance degradation. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Seongyoon Kim , Gihun Lee , Jaehoon Oh , Se-Young Yun

In the last years, Federated learning (FL) has become a popular solution to train machine learning models in domains with high privacy concerns. However, FL scalability and performance face significant challenges in real-world deployments…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Davide Domini , Gianluca Aguzzi , Lukas Esterle , Mirko Viroli

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative machine learning across distributed data owners, but data heterogeneity poses a challenge for model calibration. While prior work focused on improving accuracy for non-iid data, calibration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Hongyi Peng , Han Yu , Xiaoli Tang , Xiaoxiao Li

Recently, federated learning has emerged as a promising approach for training a global model using data from multiple organizations without leaking their raw data. Nevertheless, directly applying federated learning to real-world tasks faces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Bingzhe Wu , Zhipeng Liang , Yuxuan Han , Yatao Bian , Peilin Zhao , Junzhou Huang