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Flexible antenna arrays (FAAs), distinguished by their rotatable, bendable, and foldable properties, are extensively employed in flexible radio systems to achieve customized radiation patterns. This paper aims to illustrate that FAAs,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-01 Songjie Yang , Jiancheng An , Yue Xiu , Wanting Lyu , Boyu Ning , Zhongpei Zhang , Merouane Debbah , Chau Yuen

This paper proposes a hardware-software co-design approach to efficiently optimize beamforming and port selection in fluid antenna systems (FASs). To begin with, a fluid-antenna (FA)-enabled downlink multi-cell multiple-input…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-21 Sai Xu , Kai-Kit Wong , Yanan Du , Hanjiang Hong , Chan-Byoung Chae , Baiyang Liu , Kin-Fai Tong

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) emerges as an essential technique for overcoming spectrum congestion. However, the performance of traditional ISAC systems with fixed-position-antennas (FPA) is limited due to insufficient spatial…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-30 Tian Hao , Changxin Shi , Qingqing Wu , Bin Xia , Yinghong Guo , Lianghui Ding , Feng Yang

As 6G networks demand massive connectivity and stronger interference control, rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) is attractive because it superposes a common stream and user-private streams and remains effective under imperfect CSIT and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-15 Jinyuan Liu , Yong Liang Guan , Tuo Wu , Kai-Kit Wong , Bruno Clerckx

This paper presents the concept, design, channel modeling, beamforming algorithm development, prototype fabrication, and experimental measurement of an electromagnetically reconfigurable fluid antenna system (ER-FAS), in which each FAS…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-17 Ruiqi Wang , Pinjun Zheng , Vijith Varma Kotte , Sakandar Rauf , Yiming Yang , Muhammad Mahboob Ur Rahman , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri , Atif Shamim

In this paper, we analyze the role of fluid antenna systems (FAS) in multi-user systems with hardware impairments (HIs). Specifically, we investigate a scenario where a base station (BS) equipped with multiple fluid antennas communicates…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-23 Junteng Yao , Tuo Wu , Liaoshi Zhou , Ming Jin , Cunhua Pan , Maged Elkashlan , Fumiyuki Adachi , George K. Karagiannidis , Naofal Al-Dhahir , Chau Yuen

This letter investigates the application of the emerging fluid antenna (FA) technology in multiuser communication systems when side information (SI) is available at the transmitters. In particular, we consider a K-user dirty multiple access…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Farshad Rostami Ghadi , Kai-Kit Wong , F. Javier Lopez-Martinez , Chan-Byoung Chae , Kin-Fai Tong , Yangyang Zhang

Fluid antenna systems represent an innovative approach in wireless communication, recently applied in multiple access to optimize the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio through port selection. This letter frames the port selection…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-15 Pedro D. Alvim , Hugerles S. Silva , Ugo S. Dias , Osamah S. Badarneh , Felipe A. P. Figueiredo , Rausley A. A. de Souza

Index modulation (IM) significantly enhances the spectral efficiency of fluid antennas (FAs) enabled multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, which is named FA-IM. However, due to the dense distribution of ports on the FA, the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Xinghao Guo , Yin Xu , Dazhi He , Cixiao Zhang , Wenjun Zhang , Yi-yan Wu

This paper addresses the mobility problem with the assistance of fluid antenna (FA) on the user equipment (UE) side. We propose a matrix pencil-based moving port (MPMP) prediction method, which may transform the time-varying channel to a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Weidong Li , Haifan Yin , Fanpo Fu , Yandi Cao , Merouane Debbah

This paper develops a comprehensive framework for the performance analysis of fluid antenna system (FAS)-enabled unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relaying networks operating in the finite blocklength regime. Our contribution lies in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Xusheng Zhu , Kai-Kit Wong , Hanjiang Hong , Han Xiao , Hao Xu , Tuo Wu , Chan-Byoung Chae

Fluid antenna systems (FAS) have recently emerged as a promising technology for next-generation wireless networks, offering real-time spatial reconfiguration to enhance reliability, throughput, and energy efficiency. Nevertheless, existing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-29 Irfan Muhammad , Priyadarshi Mukherjee , Wee Kiat New , Hirley Alves , Ioannis Krikidis , Kai-Kit Wong

In this letter, we study the performance of a single-user fluid antenna system (FAS) under arbitrary fading distributions, in which the fading channel coefficients over the ports are correlated. We adopt copula theory to model the structure…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Farshad Rostami Ghadi , Kai-Kit Wong , F. Javier Lopez-Martinez , Kin-Fai Tong

Fluid antennas present a relatively new idea for harnessing the fading and interference issues in multiple user wireless systems, such as 6G. Here, we systematically compare their unique radiation beam forming mechanism to the existing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-07 Wen-Jun Lu , Chun-Xing He , Yongxu Zhu , Kin-Fai Tong , Kai-Kit Wong , Hyundong Shin , Tie Jun Cui

This paper presents a novel framework for enhancing physical-layer security in integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems by leveraging the reconfigurability of fluid antenna systems (FAS). We propose a joint precoding and port…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-01 Abdelhamid Salem , Hao Xu , Kai-Kit Wong , Chan-Byoung Chae , Yangyang Zhang

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging machine learning paradigm with immense potential to support advanced services and applications in future industries. However, when deployed over wireless communication systems, FL suffers from…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-06 Sangjun Park , Hyowoon Seo

In this paper, we propose a transmission mechanism for fluid antennas (FAs) enabled multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems based on index modulation (IM), named FA-IM, which incorporates the principle of IM into…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Jing Zhu , Gaojie Chen , Pengyu Gao , Pei Xiao , Zihuai Lin , Atta Quddus

Fluid antenna systems (FASs) have become a popular topic in the wireless community as an effective yet simple means of exploiting spatial diversity. Due to the limitations of physically moving radiating elements, electronically…

This article considers the performance of wireless communication systems that utilize reconfigurable or pattern-dynamic antennas. The focus is on finite-state channels with memory and performance is assessed in terms of real-time behavior.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-04-29 Santhosh Kumar , Jean-Francois Chamberland , Gregory H. Huff

A novel scalable pixel-based reconfigurable beamforming network (PRBFN) that can be used to form a Fluid Antenna System (FAS), referred to as a PRBFN-FAS, is introduced. The concept of FAS has emerged as an attractive new technology for use…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-04 Jichen Zhang , Junhui Rao , Tianqu Kang , Zhaoyang Ming , Yijun Chen , Alikhan Umirbayev , Chi-Yuk Chiu , Ross Murch